A lump or mass in the breast is the most common symptom of breast cancer. Lumps are often hard and painless, although some are painful.
The most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump or mass (although most breast lumps are not cancer). A painless, hard mass that has irregular edges is more likely to be cancer, but breast cancers can be also soft, round, tender, or even painful.
Shape and size of a breast lump
A tumor may feel more like a rock than a grape. A cancerous lump is usually hard, not soft or squishy. And it often has angular, irregular, asymmetrical edges, as opposed to being smooth, Dr. Comander says.
Between 2 and 7 percent of patients with a painful lump in their breast will be diagnosed with breast cancer. A lump is usually hard or firm compared with surrounding breast tissue. The presence of pain should not be reassuring — anyone who notices a new lump in her (or his) breast should contact a doctor.
They're often caused by something harmless like a non-cancerous tissue growth (fibroadenoma) or a build-up of fluid (breast cyst). Breast Cancer Now has more information about fibroadenoma and breast cysts. Sometimes, a breast lump can be a sign of something serious like breast cancer.
Reasons to consult a health care provider include: Finding a new breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue or the other breast. Noticing a change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast. Having breast pain that doesn't go away after the next period.
Commonly developing from the mammary glands or ducts, such malignant lumps generally (about 50 percent) appear in the upper, outer quadrant of the breast, extending into the armpit, where tissue is thicker than elsewhere.
Sometimes doctors recognize cysts during a physical exam, but they often rely on diagnostic imaging. Diagnostic images help your doctor figure out what's inside the lump. These types of imaging include ultrasounds, CT scans, MRI scans, and mammograms.
Size and tenderness may vary with the menstrual cycle. When lumps are tender, they are more likely benign, but about 10 percent of breast cancers do cause breast pain or tenderness. Cancers tend to feel much harder than benign cysts and fibroadenomas. Both benign and malignant masses can be rounded and mobile.
“A tumor won't be smooth like a cyst. It might be tiny – they're often felt by a doctor during an exam when they are as small as a half-inch in diameter,” said Tricia Merrigan, MD, breast surgeon with Avera Medical Group Comprehensive Breast Care. “Women often do not find them on their own when they are this small.”
Are cancerous lumps hard or soft? Cancerous lumps are usually hard to the touch. They are often large, immovable, and painless.
A moveable lump means that you can easily move it beneath the skin with your fingertips.
A breast lump that's painless, hard, irregularly shaped and different from surrounding breast tissue might be breast cancer. Skin covering the lump may look red, dimpled or pitted like the skin of an orange. Your breast size and shape may change, or you may notice discharge from the nipple.
Inflammatory breast cancer often appears as an enlarged breast with red, thickened skin. Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer that develops rapidly, making the affected breast red, swollen and tender.
Where are breast cysts usually located? Cysts are fluid-filled lumps or bumps that can appear anywhere under the skin, including within the breast. In breast cysts, fluid fills the lobules. Breast cysts are typically located in the upper outer quadrant or the central margins (in the middle, close to the nipple).
The best test to determine whether a cyst or tumor is benign or malignant is a biopsy. This procedure involves removing a sample of the affected tissue — or, in some cases, the entire suspicious area — and studying it under a microscope.
Ultrasound imaging can help determine the composition of lumps, distinguishing between a cyst and a tumour. Also known as sonography, it involves the use of high-frequency, real-time sound waves to create an image.
Most fibroadenomas are 1–2 cm in size, but they can grow as large as 5 cm. Simple fibroadenomas are the most common type of fibroadenoma. They are made up of one type of tissue. Simple fibroadenomas don't increase the risk for breast cancer.
T1 (includes T1a, T1b, and T1c): Tumor is 2 cm (3/4 of an inch) or less across. T2: Tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm (2 inches) across. T3: Tumor is more than 5 cm across. T4 (includes T4a, T4b, T4c, and T4d): Tumor of any size growing into the chest wall or skin.
There are many possible causes of non-cancerous (benign) breast lumps. Two of the most common causes of benign single breast lumps are cysts and fibroadenomas. In addition, several other conditions can present themselves as lumps, such as fat necrosis and sclerosing adenosis.
“About 15% of patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer feel pain from it, but that is a known breast cancer, and when it comes to a point where it becomes painful, it will be obvious where the pain originates. You will feel a tumor that comes up to the surface.
Breast cyst
They are usually noncancerous (benign). You may have one or multiple breast cysts. A breast cyst often feels like a grape or a water-filled balloon, but sometimes a breast cyst feels firm. Breast cysts don't require treatment unless a cyst is large and painful or uncomfortable.
Many hard lumps in breast tissue are harmless. They can be caused by hormonal changes and might come and go on their own. These lumps are often easily moved with your fingers and might be tender to the touch. Lumps caused by breast cancer generally don't cause pain and can't be easily moved.