They also included a range of measures of intelligence. Overall, the team found no evidence that psychopaths were more intelligent than people who don't have psychopathic traits. In fact, the relationship went the other way. The psychopaths, on average, scored significantly lower on intelligence tests.
A review of studies found that the correlation between psychopathy and intelligence is nearly zero, suggesting that most people with psychopathic traits are neither highly intelligent nor particularly dull (O'Boyle, Forsyth, Banks, & Story, 2013).
The study showed that psychopaths have reduced connections between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), the part of the brain responsible for sentiments such as empathy and guilt, and the amygdala, which mediates fear and anxiety.
Although both biological and environmental factors play a role in the development of psychopathy and sociopathy, it is generally agreed that psychopathy is chiefly a genetic or inherited condition, notably related to the underdevelopment of parts of the brain responsible for emotional regulation and impulse control.
Psychopaths are considered to have a severe form of antisocial personality disorder.
Psychopathy and autism are both associated with aberrant social skills and empathy, yet only psychopaths are markedly antisocial and violent. Here, we compared the functional neural alterations underlying these two groups that both have aberrant empathetic abilities but distinct behavioral phenotypes.
Although sociopathy and psychopathy cannot be diagnosed until someone is 18, one of the hallmarks of both conditions is that they usually begin in childhood or early adolescence. Usually, the symptoms appear before the age of 15, and sometimes they are present early in childhood.
Yes, research shows there are “good” psychopaths. Many people in positively heroic professions have strong psychopathic traits.
There is no single known cause of psychopathy. Genetics, trauma, brain structure, exposure to violence during childhood, and environmental conditions are possible contributing factors. Research about effective treatments for psychopathy is ongoing.
Psycho- paths show an impairment in processing and appropriately differentiating the central vs. peripheral details of the emotional event: Therefore, psychopaths do not display an enhanced memory for the central details of an emotional event as compared with the details of a neutral event (Christianson et al., 1996).
Psychopaths have been found to be capable of feeling love, but their abilities can vary from person to person. In some cases, a psychopath's feelings may grow over time and develop into something that allows them the capacity for empathy towards others.
People high in psychopathy still form romantic relationships, whether or not they get married or establish a committed bond. Such a relationship, however, may not be based on psychological intimacy in the traditional sense of the word.
Psychopaths tend to speak slowly and quietly
They also use fewer emotional words, keeping a relatively neutral tone.
Of course, they can also get angry, especially in response to provocation, or get frustrated when their goals are thwarted. So Villanelle is right, to some extent. You can hurt a psychopath's feelings, but probably different feelings and for different reasons.
That said, psychopaths do appreciate their relationships in their own way. They do suffer pain, feel loneliness, have desires and feel sadness if they do not receive affection.
Because psychopaths don't have mutually dependent and respectful romantic relationships, they can't have a healthy sex life, either. The psychopath is often a pro at seducing and getting someone into bed, but the process is more of a calculated game than an organic emotional—and then sexual—experience.
Warning signs
While children are not labeled psychopaths, the markers that predict a high probability a child will develop a psychopathic personality include many of the same characteristics: lack of guilt; lack of empathy; lack of concern about performance; and shallow or insincere emotions.
Most people mellow out with age, but in the case of psychopaths and those suffering from similar antisocial personality disorders such as sociopaths, bad behavior tends to get worse, according to new research from New Zealand's University of Otago.
Famous psychopaths have included: Theodore (Ted) Bundy, Clyde Barrow, Bernie Madoff, Chuck Yeager, James Bond and Sherlock Holmes. The authors presented their work in a Personality Disorders: Theory, Research and Treatment paper.
Psychopathy and ADHD are highly comorbid disorders, possibly linked to the underlying trait of impulsivity. It is therefore likely that ADHD symptoms are also of importance when studying cognitive functioning linked to psychopathy.
Offenders with Asperger syndrome and psychopathy
Viding (2007) similarly noted that some individuals share the neurocognitive profile of both autism-spectrum disorder and psychopathy, although the majority of people with autism (even those with antisocial behaviour) do not share these characteristics.
While blunted affect may be present in some individuals with ASD, this manifestation is still remarkably different than in those with psychopathy. The most significant difference is the lack of remorse in psychopaths, along with their propensity to manipulate, blame others, and exploit situations and people.