To examine for ear mites, material from both ears can be collected with a cotton-tipped swab lightly coated in mineral oil and then transferred to a microscope slide (FIGURE 4). Research on ear mite prevalence has shown that, when present in low numbers, mites can be missed by swabbing alone.
What do dog ear mites look like? Ear mites in dogs typically look like tiny, moving dots in the ear canal, but are so tiny that you may not be able to spot them at all. It takes a vet with an otoscope or microscope to properly spot an infestation.
They closely resemble ticks, except they're barely visible to the naked eye. If they are, they'll appear as small white dots, living their entire lives inside a dog's ear. It takes approximately three weeks for mites to fully develop into adults.
Itching: The first sign of an ear mite infestation may be your dog scratching his head. Dark, crumbly reddish-brown discharge: This is often composed of dried blood and will resemble coffee grounds.
Again, it is important to visit your vet if you suspect that your dog has ear mites, as they will need to examine your dog's ears and look at a sample under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis and determine whether a secondary ear infection is present.
Green tea is a natural antiseptic that will get rid of mites. It'll also help remove the “coffee grounds” debris. Massage your dog's ears gently (she should love this!)
“There are many topical, oral, and systemic agents,” Dr. Miller notes, “and most—such as ivermectin—are highly effective. Even one old-time remedy—baby oil—can do the job. A few drops put into an affected ear several times a day for a month or so will usually smother the mites.”
If left unchecked and untreated, ear mites can lead to serious issues, including deafness, coordination or balance issues, and permanent ear scarring. Ear mites can also cause an ear infection, so treatment shouldn't focus solely on getting rid of the mites — the ear infection should be treated, too.
Unfortunately you will always need to treat ear mites in your cat because they will not go away on their own. If treating ear mites in cats is delayed for too long you run the risk of chronic ear infections.
So how can you tell the difference? Cats that aren't suffering an ear mite infection have a lighter brown earwax color that does not smell. The darkly colored earwax caused by an ear mite infection will often have ear discharge resembling coffee grounds.
Speaking of washing bedding …
You'll want to do a thorough cleaning to avoid those trouble makers from coming back and setting up shop in your pet's precious ears … AGAIN! Ear mites can live 4-6 days without feeding on a host. Since they're microscopic they can be living in your carpet or on your couch.
Ear mites are very small insects that infest the ear canal of dogs and cats are HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS from pet to pet, they are frequently found in entire litters of puppies and kittens. Ear Mites spread by direct contact with an infested animal. They are not contagious to humans.
“Ear mites tend to cause dry, dark discharge, which may resemble coffee grounds,” explains Dr. Wilde. If you examine the discharge under a microscope or magnifying glass, you may see tiny white specks moving about in the debris. These are live ear mites.
The ear canals typically have a dark, coffee ground-like substance in them. Cats may have itching of the ears, but not always. The mites also can crawl to other parts of the body and can cause itching there.
Ear mites are contagious to some other animals (for example, cats, dogs, and ferrets), but they are not contagious to humans. Ear mites are microscopic. Your veterinarian can find them by examining ear debris under a microscope.
In general, ear mites are most common in young, free-roaming cats and dogs and in pets with outdoor access, although as many as 25% of pet cats and 6.7% of pet dogs are infested.
Ear mites can definitely be passed to other pets that come in contact with infected animals or their environment. As for these parasites being passed to humans, they are not zoonotic, meaning they cannot be passed from animal to human and vice versa.
This causes severe itching and, if left untreated, can cause bacterial infections, swelling of the ear canal and eventually partial or total deafness. The mites can also travel all over your cat's body, causing itching and swelling. Again, left untreated they can lead to systemic infections.
Take your pet to the vet if his ears are red, have a bad odor or he is scratching his ears or shaking his head for proper care. Olive oil, mineral oil or coconut oil—oils are relatively safe to use, and olive oil can kill ear mites by smothering them though it takes many weeks to clear ear mites with this method.
Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)
Unless your cat's ears have cuts or sores, ACV is an effective ear mite remedy worth trying.
Otherwise, some mites may survive to reinfect your dog. You will also need to disinfect your home. The home treatment for ear mites is similar to that of fleas. Thoroughly cleaning and vacuuming your home and treating all other animals in the household will help.
Your dog can get ear mites from just spending time outdoors. When outside, ear mites can be found in areas with a lot of trees or grasses. When your dog unknowingly passes by the mites, they cling to your dog and climb up to the ear. It's also possible for ear mites to pass from pet to pet.