There are three essential requirements of a control system, namely stability, accuracy, and response.
To achieve such objectivity, control systems must be transparent and measure parameters that are relevant to the business. Control systems are most effective when their results give an indication of the kind of corrective action that is necessary.
The constitution of a closed-loop control system is discussed in chapter 1; the basic system is defined in terms of three elements, the error detector, the controller and the output element.
Establishing Performance Standards. Measuring the Actual Performance. Comparing Actual Performance to the Standards. Taking Corrective Action.
Organizational control typically involves four steps: (1) establish standards, (2) measure performance, (3) compare performance to standards, and then (4) take corrective action as needed.
For an effective control system, there must be a prompt flow of information to the manager. Managers in the organisation must have adequate information about the performance, standards, and resources being contributed to the achievement of the organizational objectives.
Effective Controls eliminate or remove the source/root cause of the risk. Or, controls are well documented, consistently implemented and reliable in addressing the source/root cause of risk. High degree of confidence from management in the protection provided by the controls.
The Need for Control Systems
Control system engineering ensures that there is a strategic method to improving productivity and enhancing the best practices of your company. You want to eliminate the redundant manual controls and reduce human errors that could cost you a significant amount of money.
A feedback control system consists of five basic components: (1) input, (2) process being controlled, (3) output, (4) sensing elements, and (5) controller and actuating devices.
An ideal control system should concentrate on key aspects of performance. There are several activities to be controlled. In practice, it is not possible for management to control each and every activity due to limited time. Moreover, minor deviations from plans and targets are insignificant for success.
An example of an effective standard for a control system would be planning to increase sales of product A from 5,000 to 10,000 per month by December of next year.
Setting Proper Goals and Objectives
Clear objectives and goals for each employee is the most crucial step that boosts both employees as well as organizational productivity.
The six principles of control activities are: 1) Establishment of responsibility, 2) Segregation of duties, 3) Documentation procedures, 4) Physical controls, 5) Independent internal verification, 6) Human resource controls.
There are five interrelated components of an internal control framework: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring.
The control function can be viewed as a five-step process: (1) establish standards, (2) measure performance, (3) compare actual performance with standards and identify any deviations, (4) determine the reason for deviations, and (5) take corrective action if needed.
There are four basic elements of a typical motion control system. These are the controller, amplifier, actuator, and feedback. The complexity of each of these elements will vary depending on the types of applications for which they are designed and built.
Basically the process of control involves three steps i.e.- (i) setting up standards (ii) performance appraisal and (iii) corrective measures.
The objective of control system design is to construct a system that has a desirable response to standard inputs. A desirable transient response is one that is sufficiently fast without excessive oscillations. A desirable steady-state response is one that follows the desired output with sufficient accuracy.
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines.
An effective control environment is defined as follows: An environment in which competent people understand their responsibilities, the limits of their authority, and are knowledgeable, mindful and committed to doing what is right and doing it the right way.
A control system is a system of integrated elements whose function is to maintain a process variable at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The control system monitors a process variable or variables, then causes some action to occur to maintain the desired system parameter.