The Πis pronounced more or less according to the same rules as 'EU'. In general, if it's in an open syllable, it sounds like the 'U' in "full": listen. In a closed syllable, it is pronounced with the mouth just a little more open: listen.
Ethel (Œ, œ)
The letter Ethel is probably more recognizable in modern-day as a woman's name, but it's actually based on the Futhark rune of Odal, transcribed as œ.
/ø/ is mid-closed, front, rounded and oral, e.g.: peu [pø] , eux [ø] , deux [dø] . /œ/ is mid-open, front, rounded and oral, e.g.: seul [sœl] , coeur [kœʁ] , leur [lœʁ] .
If we hear the long O sound in the middle of a word, we use OA. We use the keyword goat to help our students remember this. If we hear the long O sound at the end of the word, we use OE.
In italics, the œ ligature is usually rounder at the top, while the 'a' of æ is more teardrop-shaped. The æ may also have a little bump sticking up in the middle showing the vertical line of the a.
AE/OE should be pronounced as E ( [ɛ], "eh").
long i + e is pronounced thus stierde. short e + o is pronounced thus eorþan. long e + o is pronounced thus heofon. Most Old English consonants are pronounced the same way as their Modern English equivalents.
To make the /æ/ sound:
Position your tongue low in your mouth, and shift it toward the front. The muscles of your lips and mouth should be relaxed. Vibrate your vocal cords with your mouth in this position. This vowel is made lower in the mouth than the /ɛ/ vowel.
The letter or character "æ" is called "ash" and it is used in various languages such as Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic.
The letter Ü is present in the Hungarian, Turkish, Uyghur Latin, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean Tatar, Kazakh Latin and Tatar Latin alphabets, where it represents a close front rounded vowel [y]. It is considered a distinct letter, collated separately, not a simple modification of U or Y, and is distinct from UE.
Ö, or ö, is a character that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter "o" modified with an umlaut or diaeresis. In many languages, the letter "ö", or the "o" modified with an umlaut, is used to denote the close- or open-mid front rounded vowels [ø] ( listen) or [œ] ( listen).
In Old English, æ represented a sound between a and e (/æ/), very much like the short a of cat in many dialects of Modern English. If long vowels are distinguished from short vowels, the long version /æː/ is marked with a macron (ǣ) or, less commonly, an acute (ǽ).
Among English-speaking typographers the symbol may be called a "slashed O" or "o with stroke". Although these names suggest it is a ligature or a diacritical variant of the letter o, it is considered a separate letter in Danish and Norwegian, and it is alphabetized after "z" — thus x, y, z, æ, ø, and å.
It was to distinguish between a hard 's' and a soft 's'. The 'f' represented the soft 's' which is why you will find it spelt 'houfe' and 'houses' in old English texts.
Ü or ü is one of the 4 extra letters used in German. It can be replaced by using the letters Ue or ue. In English language newspapers it is often written as U or u but this is not correct.
The German letter ß is a ligature and is also called a “scharfes s” (sharp s). But it's simpler than it sounds–it actually just means “ss”. The best thing about this letter? It sounds exactly like the “s” sound in English!
Ú, ú (u-acute) is a Latin letter used in the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak writing systems. This letter also appears in Dutch, Frisian, Irish, Occitan, Pinyin, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Galician, and Vietnamese as a variant of the letter "U".
It is used in the transliteration of Afro-Asiatic languages to represent an "emphatic r". It is used in transliterating Indo-Aryan and East Iranian languages to represent either syllabic r or a retroflex flap.