Paranoia — a belief that people are following you or conspiring against you — is a symptom of psychosis in bipolar disorder that can be managed medically and with other strategies.
Psychotic symptoms
It's more common during manic episodes, but can also happen during depressive episodes. These kinds of experiences can feel very real to you at the time, which may make it hard to understand other people's concerns about you. Psychotic symptoms can include: Delusions, such as paranoia.
Paranoia may be a symptom of a number of conditions, including paranoid personality disorder, delusional (paranoid) disorder and schizophrenia. The cause of paranoia is unknown but genetics are thought to play a role.
Psychosis in bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by the presence of either delusions or hallucinations or both[1]. It is well known that over half of the patients with BD develop psychotic symptoms during their lifetimes[2,3]. Psychotic symptoms are more frequent in bipolar than in unipolar depression[3-5].
Some people will become hypervigilant, highly defensive to imagined criticism, and preoccupied with perceived hidden motives and threats to their well-being. Those who have milder symptoms of paranoia can function and work, while others may experience hallucinations, a sense of unreality, delusions, and even psychosis.
While bipolar disorder cannot develop into schizophrenia, it's possible to experience symptoms of both. Before you consult a mental health professional, here are a few things you should know about the two conditions.
Paranoia is sometimes a symptom of certain physical illnesses such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, strokes, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Hearing loss can also trigger paranoid thoughts in some people.
Paranoid from a Sense of Guilt, 2. Paranoid from a sense of Low Self-Esteem, and 3. Paranoid from a Sense of Persecution. These three processes are distinct descriptively, dynamically and genetically.
What causes paranoia? People become paranoid when their ability to reason and assign meaning to things breaks down. The reason for this is unknown. It's thought paranoia could be caused by genes, chemicals in the brain or by a stressful or traumatic life event.
“When a person with bipolar disorder has sleep deprivation,” says Duckworth, “which is common when a person is manic and when a person is in a mixed state, the thinking is that their grasp on reality gets poorer and they can hallucinate — they can develop paranoid or delusional thoughts.”
The duration of bipolar delusions may be dependent on the individual's current mood episode. For example, delusions are common in manic episodes. According to 2021 research , manic episodes could continue from 4-13 months if not treated.
Manipulation isn't a formal symptom of bipolar disorder, although some people with the condition may exhibit this behavior. In some cases, manipulative behavior is a result of living with another mental health condition, such as personality disorders, substance use disorders, or trauma.
Persecutory paranoia is generally considered the most common subtype.
Paranoia is the most common symptom of psychosis but paranoid concerns occur throughout the general population.
Paranoia and anxiety are two separate conditions. Both can cause changes in thinking patterns. Doctors no longer use the term paranoia, referring to the illness as delusional disorder. Symptoms of delusional disorder include hallucinations and mood disturbances, such as feelings of extreme sadness or distress.
The link between higher ADHD symptoms and psychosis, paranoia and auditory hallucinations was significantly mediated by dysphoric mood, but not by use of amphetamine, cocaine or cannabis. In conclusion, higher levels of adult ADHD symptoms and psychosis are linked and dysphoric mood may form part of the mechanism.
Antipsychotics may reduce paranoid thoughts or make you feel less threatened by them. If you have anxiety or depression, your GP may offer you antidepressants or minor tranquillisers. These can help you feel less worried about the thoughts and may stop them getting worse.
Paranoia as a Symptom of BPD
Stress-related paranoid ideation is one of nine possible diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder. In one comprehensive study of patients receiving mental health services, 87 percent of participants with BPD reported experiencing the symptoms of paranoid ideation.
Bipolar disorder can cause your mood to swing from an extreme high to an extreme low. Manic symptoms can include increased energy, excitement, impulsive behaviour, and agitation. Depressive symptoms can include lack of energy, feeling worthless, low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts.
Cyclothymia, or cyclothymic disorder, causes mood changes – from feeling low to emotional highs. Cyclothymia has many similarities to bipolar disorder.
The fear of never being stable.
Thus this leads to a feeling of being unfit for this world — that you weren't meant for it because you can't cope with life due to something you didn't choose and can't change; that you're stuck having to explain yourself to others and even yourself.
Answer questions honestly. But don't argue or debate with a person during a manic episode. Avoid intense conversation. Don't take comments or behavior personally.
being easily irritated or agitated. being delusional, having hallucinations and disturbed or illogical thinking. not feeling like sleeping. doing things that often have disastrous consequences – such as spending large sums of money on expensive and sometimes unaffordable items.