Summarizing the current state of information we consider depersonalization with the experience of being in a dream or being dead as a heuristic reaction to brain damage. Similar models have already been discussed in neuropsychological disorders as for instance reduplicative paramnesias, neglect, and anosognosia.
Some people with brain injury may also experience what doctors refer to as depersonalization (DP) and/or derealization (DR). Depersonalization describes the experience of feeling like you are removed from yourself or as if you are in a dream.
Episodes of depersonalization or derealization can be frightening and disabling. They can cause: Difficulty focusing on tasks or remembering things. Interference with work and other routine activities.
In fact, depersonalization is seen in a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders, including agoraphobia and panic disorder, acute and posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, other dissociative disorders, personality disorders, acute drug intoxication or withdrawal, psychotic mood disorders, epilepsy, ...
Tumors in this area can result in auditory hallucinations (hearing things), an inability to understand speech (receptive aphasia), and vision changes. Symptoms such as deja vu experiences, depersonalization, and perceiving things as either larger or smaller than they really are may also occur.
You're likely to start by first seeing your primary care doctor, but you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in brain and nervous system disorders (neurologist) or a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health disorders (psychiatrist).
Depersonalization-derealization disorder occurs when you persistently or repeatedly have the feeling that you're observing yourself from outside your body or you have a sense that things around you aren't real, or both.
Complete recovery from depersonalization disorder is possible for many patients. The symptoms associated with this disorder often go away on their own or after treatment that help the person deal with the stress or trauma that triggered the symptoms.
Depersonalization/derealization disorder occurs in about 2% of the population and affects men and women equally. The disorder may begin during early or middle childhood. It rarely begins after age 40.
Introduction: The phenomena of depersonalisation/derealisation have classically been associated with the initial phases of psychosis, and it is assumed that they would precede (even by years) the onset of clinical psychosis, being much more common in the prodromal and acute phases of the illness.
Can Depersonalization turn into Schizophrenia? No, it can't. They are completely different conditions. Depersonalization is an anxiety spectrum condition, while Schizophrenia is an organic brain disorder.
In depersonalization disorder, reduced gray matter volumes (GMV) in right thalamus, caudate, and cuneus, and increased GMV in the left dorsomedial PFC and the right somato-sensoric regions were observed [93•]. As abovementioned, these areas have been implicated in dissociation [10, 61, 62, 85].
Dissociative symptoms include derealization/depersonalization, absorption, and amnesia. These experiences can cause a loss of control over mental processes, including memory and attention.
Causes of Depersonalization-Derealization
The exact cause of this disorder has not been identified but current research points to an imbalance of neurotransmitters (chemicals in the brain) that make the brain vulnerable to heightened responses when exposed to severe stress.
A person can survive countless episodes of DP/DR, yet each episode still can feel new and emergent. Someone can simultaneously appear present, but be far removed from an experience when depersonalized.
The most common way to treat depersonalization disorder is through psychotherapy. “Psychotherapy can help individuals learn techniques or coping mechanisms that distract them from their symptoms and make them feel more connected to their feelings and the world around them,” says Dr. Hafeez.
Depersonalization can be its own disorder, or a symptom of depression, drug use, or psychotropic medications. But when it occurs as a symptom of severe or prolonged stress and anxiety, experts agree that it's not dangerous — or a sign of psychosis — like many people fear.
Diagnosis of depersonalization/derealization disorder is clinical, based on the presence of the following criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5): Patients have persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both.
Four stages of the formation of depersonalization were identified: vital, allopsychic, somatopsychis and autopsychic. The correlations of the leading depersonalizational and related affective and neurosis-like disorders were considered at each stage.
Derealization involves feeling detached from your surroundings. You may feel disconnected from external objects in your immediate environment, including other people. Even your closest family members or friends may seem like strangers. Often people describe derealization as feeling spaced out or foggy.
These may include: seizures, difficulty thinking or speaking, changes in personality, anxiety, depression, disorientation, fatigue, abnormal eye movements, numbness or tingling on one side of the body, weakness on one side of the body, loss of balance, vision changes, memory loss, nausea, generalized pain, trouble ...
Up to 30 percent of people with PTSD also suffer from symptoms known as depersonalization and de-realization––that is, they experience “out-of-body” episodes or feelings that the world is not real. These disturbances to awareness and consciousness are known as dissociation.