Most abnormal Pap smear results are nothing to worry about Most women will have at least one abnormal Pap smear result in their lifetime, with an overall average of 5% of all Pap tests coming back as “abnormal.” In most cases, the abnormal result is nothing to worry about, but it's important to follow up to make sure.
In most cases, an abnormal Pap test is a result of: A human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A sexually transmitted infection (STI or STD), such as herpes or trichomoniasis. A bacterial or yeast infection.
About 5% of all Pap tests will be abnormal, meaning that the sample contains atypical cervical cells. However, the majority of these cells are not cancerous or even precancerous. An abnormal Pap test result does not mean cancer, but it does require follow-up to rule out the possibility of cancer.
Most times, the results of a pap smear return as normal; however, it is not uncommon for the results to come back as abnormal.
“I Received an Abnormal Pap Test. What's Next?” Your next step is usually a minor procedure called a colposcopy. This procedure is a visual examination of the cervix using a low-powered microscope used to find and then biopsy abnormal areas in your cervix that may lead to cervical cancer.
Most abnormal Pap tests are caused by HPV infections. Other types of infection—such as those caused by bacteria, yeast, or protozoa (Trichomonas)—sometimes lead to minor changes on a Pap test called atypical squamous cells.
Each year an estimated 3.1 million Pap smears in the United States (5% of smears) are read as abnormal.
The risk that atypical glandular cell (AGC) abnormalities reflect precancerous changes is as high as 35 percent, the risk of cervical cancer is as high as 1 percent, and the risk of endometrial (uterine) cancer is as high as 3 percent [2,4-6]. For most people with AGC, colposcopy is done as a next step.
Are abnormal Pap smears common? Yes, both abnormal Pap smear results and contact with HPV are “very common,” according to Dr. Celestine. In fact “about 70% to 80% of [sexually active] people have come in contact with [HPV] in their life.”
They usually go away on their own and do not require treatment. CIN 2 changes are moderate and are typically treated by removing the abnormal cells. However, CIN 2 can sometimes go away on its own. Some people, after consulting with their health care provider, may decide to have a colposcopy with biopsy every 6 months.
Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body. Cancer cells in the cervix can sometimes travel to the lung and grow there. When cancer cells do this, it's called metastasis. To doctors, the cancer cells in the new place look just like the ones from the cervix.
You may need treatment if the results of your colposcopy show that there are abnormal cells in your cervix. The abnormal cells will be removed, which usually involves removing an area of the cervix about the size of a finger tip.
Having HPV increases your risk of cervical cancer, and it's the most common reason women get abnormal Pap results. You may also get abnormal results if precancerous or cancerous cells are already present. But sometimes, a health issue that's unrelated to cancer can also cause abnormal Pap results.
Most people with HPV do not know they have the infection. They never develop symptoms or health problems from it. Some people find out they have HPV when they get genital warts. Women may find out they have HPV when they get an abnormal Pap test result (during cervical cancer screening).
LEEP stands for Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure. It's a treatment that prevents cervical cancer. A small electrical wire loop is used to remove abnormal cells from your cervix. LEEP surgery may be performed after abnormal cells are found during a Pap test, colposcopy, or biopsy.
Pap smear test results typically take four to five days to come back from the lab. In most cases, Pap results are normal. If so, you can expect to have another test in about three years. If your results are abnormal, you will receive a call from our team to set an appointment to confer with Dr.
High Grade Abnormal Pap Test Results
High grade cervical cells identified by Pap test results can indicate the presence of precancerous cervical dysplasia—which can be caused by strains of HPV that are associated with a high risk of developing cancer—or, sometimes, cervical cancer itself.
If they appear to be abnormal, your doctor will order more tests, including a colposcopy, to find out for sure if it's cancer. Squamous cell cancer or adenocarcinoma cells. This means the cells on your cervix are so abnormal, your doctor is almost certain it's cancer.
The stage of a cancer tells you how big it is and whether it has spread. It helps your doctor decide which treatment you need. Stage 3 cervical cancer means the cancer has spread from where it started in the cervix into the surrounding tissue.
Getting your colposcopy results
If no abnormal cells were found, then you will usually be told straight away by the doctor or nurse. You will still need to attend routine cervical screening appointments in the future. If you had a biopsy you may need to wait 4 to 8 weeks to get your results.
A colposcopy is relatively painless. You may feel slight pressure when the speculum enters your vagina. You may feel a slight burning or stinging when the solution comes into contact with your cervix. If you need a biopsy, you may feel a sharp pinch or a sensation like a period cramp when the tissue sample is excised.
After the Colposcopy
If the liquid bandage solution is used, you may experience brown-yellow discharge that may resemble gauze, tissue, or coffee grounds. It is important to note that this type of discharge is normal and nothing is left in the vagina. The discharge will resolve in a few days.
Minimally invasive surgery, which can also be called laparoscopic surgery, has been used to perform radical hysterectomies in women with early-stage cervical cancer for several decades. A minimally invasive procedure can be performed manually or with the use of robotic systems.
Precancerous conditions of the cervix are changes to cervical cells that make them more likely to develop into cancer. These conditions are not yet cancer. But if they aren't treated, there is a chance that these abnormal changes may become cervical cancer.