With primary dysfunction, it is hypothesized that contractions were never normally established. With secondary dysfunction, it is suggested that contractions were once adequate and became weaker as labor progressed, usually after 4 cm dilation.
Anatomic Abnormalities: Abnormalities in the shape of the baby's head, pelvis, or the mother's birth canal can contribute to primary dysfunctional labor. For example, if the baby's head is too large to fit through the mother's birth canal, this can cause difficulties during delivery.
Dysfunctional or prolonged labor refers to prolongation in the duration of labor, typically in the first stage of labor. Diagnosis of delay in labor is dependent on careful monitoring of uterine contraction intensity, duration and frequency, cervical dilation and descent of the fetus through the pelvis.
Dysfunctional labor can be due to abnormalities in uterine contraction and/or lack of ability of the mother to forcibly expel the fetus, a large fetus and/or an unusual orientation of the fetus in the uterus, or abnormalities in the pelvis such that the passage is blocked or too small.
The first stage starts when labor begins and ends with full cervical dilation and effacement. The second stage commences with complete cervical dilation and ends with the delivery of the fetus.
Labor is the effort that people contribute to the production of goods and services. Labor resources include the work done by the waiter who brings your food at a local restaurant as well as the engineer who designed the bus that transports you to school.
It's actually divided into two phases — early labor and active labor.
Clinical signs of dystocia include depression, weakness, restlessness, and abnormal fetal position, which may be observed as a tail or limb in the pelvic canal.
Prolonged labor may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal infection, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, uterine rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage; it may also be a marker for an increased risk of maternal pelvic floor and genital trauma during delivery (with a subsequent increase risk for future incontinence and ...
The ability of the fetus to successfully negotiate the pelvis during labor and delivery depends on the complex interactions of four variables: uterine activity, the fetus, the maternal pelvis and maternal well-being. This is also known as the four Ps: power, passage, passenger and psyche.
Dystocia of labor is defined as difficult labor or abnormally slow progress of labor. Other terms that are often used interchangeably with dystocia are dysfunctional labor, failure to progress (lack of progressive cervical dilatation or lack of descent), and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD).
The four types of labor in economics are skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled, and professional. Together, these four types of labor make up the active labor force.
Labor is considered obstructed when the presenting part of the fetus cannot progress into the birth canal, despite strong uterine contractions. The most frequent cause of obstructed labor is cephalo- pelvic disproportion, a mismatch between the fetal head and the mother's pelvic brim.
Dysfunctional behavior at the workplace reflects the behavior that violates remarkably the accepted norms at the workplace which is in turn can be destructive to overall organizational performance.
Nursing Management
Monitor uterine contractions for dysfunctional patterns; use palpation and an electronic monitor. Prevent unnecessary fatigue. Check the client's level of fatigue and ability to cope with pain. Prevent complications of labor for the client and infant.
Failure to progress during the first stage of labor rarely leads to complications, although it's often mentally and physically draining for the parent. Prolonged labor during the second stage is more serious because it increases the risk of: Infection. Postpartum hemorrhage.
Mothers having their first baby are expected to be in labor for a longer period of time, so prolonged labor may not be declared until 22 to 24 hours. In contrast, for second or third-time mothers, labor may be considered prolonged after 16 to 18 hours.
There is no such thing as a "dry birth." Approximately one third of the liquid is replaced every hour.
Transition phase of labor
The end of active labor is sometimes referred to as the transition to the second stage of labor. It's when the cervix completely dilates to a full 10 centimeters, and is the shortest – but generally considered the hardest – part of labor.
During the second stage of labor:
Your contractions may slow down to come every 2 to 5 minutes apart. They last about 60 to 90 seconds. You may get an episiotomy. This is a small cut made at the opening of the vagina to help let the baby out.
You have strong and regular contractions.
When you're in true labor, your contractions last about 30 to 70 seconds and come about 5 to 10 minutes apart. They're so strong that you can't walk or talk during them. They get stronger and closer together over time.
Prodromal labor consists of contractions that can be fairly regular (between 5-10 minutes apart) and can be painful like active labor contractions, more so than Braxton Hicks contractions. Typically each contraction will last just shy of one minute. These contractions are preparatory.
Unskilled, Semi-Skilled, and Skilled Labor Defined.