The four “Ps” of case formulation (predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors) also provide a useful framework for organizing the factors that may contribute to the development of anticipatory distress (Barker, 1988; Carr, 1999; Winters, Hanson, & Stoyanova, 2007).
I like to conceptualize the etiology and treatment of mental illness using the framework of the 4 P's: predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and prognostic factors.
(1987) and is colloquially known as “the 3P Model.” The three Ps – predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors – all contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia.
Predisposing factors are those that put a child at risk of developing a problem (in this case, high anticipatory distress). These may include genetics, life events, or temperament. Precipitating factors refer to a specific event or trigger to the onset of the current problem.
Some predisposing factors of contracting infectious diseases can be anatomical, genetic, general and disease specific. Climate and weather, and other environmental factors that are affected by them, can also predispose people to infectious agents.
The cornerstones of the MTQ48 measure are the 4 C's of Control, Commitment, Challenge and Confidence. Each of these scales reflects a component of the Mental Toughness personality trait and any given score will suggest the likely behaviours of the individual.
It is scientifically valid and reliable and based on a 4C's framework, which measures key components of mental toughness - Control, Commitment, Challenge and Confidence.
The 3P Model categorizes the components of subjective well-being under the temporal states of the Present, the Past, and the Prospect (Future). The model indicates how each state is important to a global evaluation of subjective well-being and how each state is distinct yet connected to the other states.
The 5 P's of marketing – Product, Price, Promotion, Place, and People – are a framework that helps guide marketing strategies and keep marketers focused on the right things.
The 5Ps highlight an approach that incorporates Presenting, Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating, and Protective factors to a consumer's presentation.
A single latent symptom dimension that reflects features shared by all mental health disorders, the p factor, is thought to reflect mechanisms that cut across mental disorders.
Initially 4, these elements were Product, Price, Place and Promotion, which were later expanded by including People, Packaging and Process. These are now considered to be the “7 P's” mix elements.
“Big 4” — a set of evidenced-based, cognitive behavioural therapy-based techniques that help individuals cope with stress and improve their mental health and resiliency. The Big 4 are positive self-talk, visualization, tactical breathing, and SMART goal setting.
According to the World Health Organization, the four dimensions of wellness – social, physical, spiritual and intellectual – are all intertwined and can affect each other. It is not simply an absence of illness. Integrating the four dimensions can help you develop a personalized plan to live life more completely.
The “4Cs model” of mental toughness was developed by my colleagues and I, and is the most widely used model for defining and measuring mental toughness. It comprises four components: confidence, control, commitment and challenge.
Care Cluster 4
You may be experiencing more severe problems with your moods and behaviours which are making it very difficult to cope with daily life.
Aggression is a common symptom of many psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, Tourette's disorder, mood disorders (including bipolar disorder), substance-related disorders, alcohol-related disorders, mental retardation, pervasive ...
Perpetuating factors are any conditions in the patient, family, community, or larger systems that exacerbate rather than solve the problem. Examples include unaddressed relationship conflicts, lack of education, financial stresses, and occupation stress (or lack of employment)
Aside from these formal diagnoses, when people are afraid, overwhelmed, feel threatened, or feel out of control, perplexed, disorientated, or frustrated, they often respond aggressively.
Responses to stress are ultimately based on the predispositions of the organism. The magnitude, duration and pathological consequences of physiological 'stress responses' differ markedly between individuals, based on stress history, genetic background, and early-life programming.
[29] Predisposing factors, which include knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, and self-efficacy, appeal to people's motives for behavior change. Enabling factors, which include health-related skills, and resources (e.g., training), facilitate a behavior's occurrence.
Within the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, enabling factors are defined as factors that make it possible (or easier) for individuals or populations to change their behavior or their environment. Enabling factors include resources, conditions of living, societal supports, and skills that facilitate a behavior's occurrence.