Rumination is divided into two subtypes, reflective and brooding. Reflective is a cycle of thinking that is analytical and problem-solving, whereas brooding is more negative and self-perpetuating.
Here, trait rumination refers to ruminative tendencies, or the frequency of rumination experienced in daily life that are assessed by the RRS, whereas state rumination refers to momentary rumination that is manipulated by the rumination induction method developed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1993).
Importantly, however, rumination is not only related to depression, but is involved in the development and/or maintenance of a broad range of disorders, including post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, insomnia, eating disorders, somatic symptom disorder, and substance use disorders2, 3.
Rumination is a form of perserverative cognition that focuses on negative content, generally past and present, and results in emotional distress. Initial studies of rumination emerged in the psychological literature, particularly with regard to studies examining specific facets of rumination (e.g., positive vs.
Rumination is a complex process involving regurgitation, remastication, insalivation, and deglutition. It is initiated by the “rumination area,” located close to the gastric center in the medulla oblongata.
Finding a pleasurable activity or distraction often helps break the cycle of rumination. Using some of your own unique interests or self care can help find something that works for you. Mindfulness is a mediation practice that focuses on paying attention to your thoughts.
Some potential triggers of ruminating thoughts include: a specific stressor, such as a failed relationship. a recent traumatic event. perfectionism.
Trauma-related rumination refers to perseverative thinking about the trauma and its consequences; such consequences may include an individual's PTSD symptoms (see Ehlers & Clark, 2000). A feature common to both rumination and re-experiencing symptoms is that they are difficult to control.
Rumination is associated with the worsening of negative mood states, greater affective responding to negative material, and increased access to negative memories.
The main symptom of rumination disorder is the frequent and effortless regurgitation of food, which usually happens 15–30 minutes after eating. People may also experience: a feeling of pressure or the need to belch beforehand. nausea.
Rumination disorder most often occurs in infants and very young children (between 3 and 12 months), and in children with intellectual disabilities. It is rare in older children, adolescents, and adults. It may occur slightly more often in boys than in girls, but few studies of the disorder exist to confirm this.
Some common ruminations or obsessive thoughts include the following: Obsessive thoughts regarding cleanliness. Fear of harming someone. Disturbing thoughts of inappropriate sexual activities.
Specifically, although early rumination researchers considered rumination to be a coping style that is similar to confrontation (Nolen‐Hoeksema, 2001; Nolen‐Hoeksema & Larson, 1999), more recent research has suggested that rumination may serve as a type of cognitive avoidance of emotionally laden loss‐related material.
At its core, rumination is a coping mechanism. It's a way of responding to stress by repeatedly focusing on the source of distress. One theory states that people tend to engage in repetitive thinking about the nature of their difficulties.
Rumination is a stable behaviour marked by repetitive, recurrent, intrusive and uncontrollable thinking. It has long been linked with worry, anxiety and depression.
Biofeedback is part of behavioral therapy for rumination syndrome. During biofeedback, imaging can help you or your child learn diaphragmatic breathing skills to counteract regurgitation. For infants, treatment usually focuses on working with parents or caregivers to change the infant's environment and behavior.
Untreated, rumination syndrome can damage the tube between your mouth and stomach (esophagus). Rumination syndrome can also cause: Unhealthy weight loss. Malnutrition.
There aren't any medicines available that effectively treat rumination syndrome. The best way to stop it is to relearn how to eat and digest food properly. This requires diaphragmatic breathing training. A behavioral psychologist usually teaches this, and it's easy to learn.
Rumination is a type of compulsion. Even if you're not aware of it, thinking persistently about the past may be something you do to find relief from things that are out of your control.
Rumination is one of the co-occurring symptoms found both in anxiety disorders and depression. It is often a primary symptom in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. When people are depressed, the themes of rumination are typically about being inadequate or worthless.
An alternative is to try the 5 minute rule: when you notice you are dwelling on a problem, keep going for 5 minutes. Then if it hasn't helped, do something else. Ask yourself, is there some fear around that something bad might happen if you stopped?