Abstract. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is very similar to the Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by its clinical presentations.
This condition is frequently associated with other autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Sjogren syndrome is managed by replacing moisture at affected glandular sites and diminishing the autoimmune response locally as well as systemically.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex condition which especially affects young women, is characterized with a chronic course of exacerbations and remissions and may lead to serious organ damages. Sjögren's syndrome develops as a result of accumulation of lymphocytes in exocrine glands.
The prognosis with SS is generally better than that of other autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
Ultrasound imaging and biopsy can help determine if the salivary gland tissues are altered by inflammation. Blood tests can identify antibodies that are typically present in people with Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders.
Asherson's syndrome is an extremely rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the development, over a period of hours, days or weeks, of rapidly progressive blood clots affecting multiple organ systems of the body.
About 25 percent of people with autoimmune diseases have a tendency to develop additional autoimmune diseases. For people who have more than one diagnosed autoimmune disease, it's called polyautoimmunity.
Multiple autoimmune syndrome is a condition in which patients have at least three distinct autoimmune conditions. Multiple autoimmune disorders occur with increased frequency in patients with a previous history of another autoimmune disease.
The main symptom is dry eyes; the patient may feel a burning, stinging or gritty sensation. Other possible symptoms are blurred vision or sensitivity to intense light, specifically fluorescent light.
Avoiding foods that tend to exacerbate symptoms including alcohol, caffeine, acidic foods, and spicy foods.
Sjögren's syndrome can cause nerve damage which regulates the coordination of heartbeat, respiration, and gastric motility. This is called an “autonomic neuropathy.” Examples of symptoms include lightheadedness when standing, decreased or increased sweating, and feeling full despite eating small meals.
In the early stages of SS, the mouth may appear moist, but as the disease progresses, the usual pooling of saliva in the floor of the mouth becomes absent and lines of contact between frothy saliva and the oral soft tissue are seen.
The lymphoaggressive nature of the disease appears to lead SS patients from stage I to II and from stage II to III. However, stage III patients made up only 5% of SS patients. Many patients remain stable in stages I or II for as long as 10 or 20 years.
Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that can mimic some of the symptoms of MS such as fatigue and joint pain. However, Sjogren's syndrome is known to cause dry mouth and eyes, which are not associated with MS.
According to Cojocaru and colleagues, multiple autoimmune disorder may be the result of familial or genetic factors, along with immunological or psychological factors. However, environmental triggers may set in motion the occurrence of a second disorder, and could be the key culprit in the rising prevalence of MAS.
Some common autoimmune diseases, including Type 1 diabetes mellitus, are relatively easy to diagnose, while others, such as vasculitis, Addison's disease, lupus, and other rheumatic diseases, are more difficult. Additionally, many of the 100-plus autoimmune diseases are uncommon or rare.
Systemic scleroderma, also called systemic sclerosis, affects many systems in the body. This is the more serious type of scleroderma and can damage your blood vessels and internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
The disorder can affect the nervous system, muscles, joints, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels, liver, and pancreas. Sjögren's syndrome is a long-lasting disorder that affects females more often than men.
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA): The ANA test is positive in the majority of Sjögren's syndrome patients. However, a positive ANA test is also common in healthy individuals. The ANA test is most commonly performed using a technique that involves immunofluorescent staining of human cells grown in tissue culture (Figure 3).