Enterobius is transmitted by ingestion of ova through contaminated hands or food which leads to egg disolvement and release of larvae. Then fertilization of mature female worms occurs (usually in caecum or terminal ileum) who then migrate to perianal region and lay eggs resulting in itching.
The classic treatment of E. vermicularis infection includes a single dose of pyrantel pamoate, mebendazole or albendazole, repeated after 2 weeks from the initial dose. The treatment must be given to all family members. Experience with mebendazole treatment for extraintestinal enterobiosis is limited.
The commonest extraintestinal site of infection is the female genital tract [1]. The male worm dies in the bowel during copulation, and the gravid female worm can migrate from the perianal region to the vagina and can ascend and reach peritoneum through the uterine cavity and fallopian tube.
Worms are mainly spread in small bits of poo from people with a worm infection. Some are caught from food. You can get infected by: touching objects or surfaces with worm eggs on them – if someone with worms does not wash their hands.
To treat pinworms affecting urinary and genital organs, combination therapy with oral mebendazole (Vermox) and ivermectin (Stromectol) for the worms as well as a topical therapy for the eggs may be required.
Infestation of female genital tract is unusual (7) and most often presents as accidental finding of ova on cervical smears or as vulvovaginitis, salpingitis, pelvic pain, pelvic masses, irregular menstrual cycles, postmenopausal bleeding (2, 4, 5). Other extraintestinal manifestations of enterobiasis are also rare.
The common residence of the adult pinworm is the large intestine, where it attaches to the cecum and appendix. Following mating, the gravid female must lay as many as 16,000 eggs. They live for an average of eight to 13 weeks.
These parasitic infections can cause diarrhea and fever. Types of roundworms in humans include pinworms and ascariasis. Often, roundworm infections come from traveling to countries with poor sanitation and hygiene.
If left untreated, the intense itching and scratching associated with these infections will result in secondary bacterial infections. Some of these may be difficult to treat. Untreated people can continue to infect other people.
Trichomoniasis (or “trich”) is a very common STD caused by infection with Trichomonas vaginalis (a protozoan parasite).
This finding of enterobius vermicularis in menstrual blood supports the theory that the worm and its eggs gain access to the peritoneal cavity through an ascending pathway of vagina, uterus and fallopian tube.
An ultrasound may show worms in the pancreas or liver. This technology uses sound waves to create images of internal organs. CT scans or MRI s. Both types of tests create detailed images of the internal structures, which can help your doctor detect worms that are blocking ducts in the liver or pancreas.
Most of the time worms don't cause any major problems, but in rare cases they can be infectious to the vagina and uterus, increasing the risk of infertility.
Over the last few years we have all become aware of the health benefits of apple cider vinegar but did you know this fermented apple cider can also work as an effective worm treatment for our four-legged friends.
Avoid simple carbohydrates, such as those found in refined foods, fruits, juices, dairy products, and all sugars, except honey. Eat more raw garlic, pumpkin seeds, pomegranates, beets, and carrots, all of which have been used traditionally to kill parasites.
Sometimes pinworms can spread to the female reproductive tract, leading to complications such as urinary tract infections, vaginitis, and even endometriosis.
Typical pinworm infections don't cause serious problems. In rare circumstances, heavy infestations can cause infection of female genitals. The parasite can travel from the anal area up the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes and around the pelvic organs.
How long does pinworms last? The life cycle of a pinworm is 4 to 6 weeks. Without treatment, infestation will continue as long as fresh eggs are being swallowed, unless a person develops immunity to pinworms, which is unusual before age 15.
The key is to break the 6-week cycle of pinworm reinfection by killing any live pinworms and preventing the ingestion of eggs. A diagnosis should be confirmed before treating with medications. Medications kill only the adult worms and have no effect on developing eggs and larvae.
Pinworm infections are contagious. The worms get into the body when people swallow the tiny pinworm eggs. The eggs can be on contaminated hands, under fingernails, and on things people touch a lot, such as: clothing, bed linens, and towels.
The best way to diagnose this infection is to do a tape test. The best time to do this is in the morning before bathing, because pinworms lay their eggs at night. Steps for the test are: Firmly press the sticky side of a 1-inch (2.5 centimeters) strip of cellophane tape over the anal area for a few seconds.
Bed sheets and undergarments: Eggs can spread through contact with contaminated sheets, towels or underwear of infected people. Inhalation: Because the eggs are so tiny, they can travel through the air and inhaled. Once inhaled, they travel through the digestive tract, hatch and lay their own eggs.
Chlorine dioxide gas inactivates pinworm eggs in a non-invasive and non-corrosive manner.
A person is infected with pinworms by ingesting pinworm eggs either directly or indirectly. These eggs are deposited around the anus by the worm and can be carried to common surfaces such as hands, toys, bedding, clothing, and toilet seats.
Change underwear and bedding daily.
This helps remove eggs.