Keloids and
Inflammatory reactions can cause tissue damage, leading to organ (including skin) fibrosis in autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma (SD), which has a similar pathology and microenvironment to keloids.
Collagen — a protein found throughout the body — is useful to wound healing, but when the body produces too much, keloids can form. Keloid growth might be triggered by any sort of skin injury — an insect bite, acne, an injection, body piercing, burns, hair removal, and even minor scratches and bumps.
Spontaneous keloids, that is, those keloidal lesions that develop without any history of trauma or surgery, are very rare. It is generally believed that they are triggered by microtrauma or minimal cutaneous inflammation in genetically susceptible patients.
In the United States, Black people between the ages of 10 and 30 have the greatest risk of developing a keloid. Researchers continue to study keloids to find out what causes them.
Abstract. Keloid is a skin disease characterized by exaggerated scar formation, excessive fibroblast proliferation, and excessive collagen deposition. Cancers commonly arise from a fibrotic microenvironment; e.g., hepatoma arises from liver cirrhosis, and oral cancers arise from submucosal fibrosis.
Patients at high risk of keloids are usually younger than 30 years and have darker skin. Sternal skin, shoulders and upper arms, earlobes, and cheeks are most susceptible to developing keloids and hypertrophic scars.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans is an extremely rare condition that can be confused with keloid, especially if growing to the size of 50 mm or not healing anyway (1, 4, 5, 7). In such cases, a detailed investigation covers core biopsy and CT-imaging to achieve an exact tissue evaluation.
Stress promotes keloid formation by causing dermal distortion and compression which subsequently stimulate proliferation and enhanced protein synthesis in wound healing fibroblastic cells.
Keloids, also called keloid scars, are a type of scar tissue that usually grows at the site of an injury. They can also result from infection, inflammation, surgery, blisters, acne, and body piercings.
How common are keloids? About 10 percent of people experience keloid scarring. People under the age of 30 may be particularly at risk. People of African, Asian, or Latino descent, pregnant women, and those with a family history of keloids are more susceptible to this type of scarring.
Abstract. Background: Keloid is a fibrotic skin disease for which immune cell infiltration is a primary pathological hallmark. Meanwhile, in autoimmune diseases, triggering of the inflammation response can lead to tissue injury and subsequent organ fibrosis.
Immune cells infiltrate the microenvironment and regulate keloid fibroblasts by secreting cytokines. The genesis and development of keloids is the result of the coevolution of keloid fibroblasts and their surrounding immune cells.
Scleroderma: An autoimmune condition that causes scar tissue to form in the skin, internal organs (including the GI tract), and small blood vessels. It affects women three times more often than men throughout life, occurring at a rate of 15 times greater for women during childbearing years.
Keloid patients often experience significant psychological and social distress simply because their keloids are visible to the public, or they fear negative reactions from others who may see their keloids. This psychological stress results in increased levels of anxiety and depression and fear from being stigmatized.
Hypertrophic scars are contained within the site of injury and may regress over time, while keloids spread beyond the borders of the initial injury and do not regress. On histological examination, hypertrophic scars tend to have collagen in a wavy, regular pattern, whereas keloids have no distinct pattern of collagen.
They are not at all common, but are more likely for people who have dark skin. Anything that can cause a scar can cause a keloid. This includes being burned, cut, or having severe acne. Keloids can also develop after you get a body piercing, a tattoo, or have surgery.
Spontaneous chest wall keloid scars can occur without any history of trauma and are rare.
When a keloid first appears, it's often red, pink, or slightly darker than your natural skin tone. As it grows, it may darken. Some become lighter in the center and darker at the edges.
Larger keloids can be flattened by pulsed-dye laser sessions. This method has also been useful in easing itchiness and causing keloids to fade. Pulsed-dye laser therapy is delivered over several sessions with 4 to 8 weeks between sessions. Your doctor might recommend combining laser therapy with cortisone injections.
Symptoms. A keloid is enlarged and raised and can be pink, red, skin-coloured or darker than the surrounding skin, may sometimes form months, or even longer, after an initial injury.
Sometimes keloids spread fast, and may, for example, triple in size in as little as a few months. Your scar is itchy, tender, or painful. These symptoms usually stop once the keloid is developed.
It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1. Keloids are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown in color.
Keloids are considered as benign fibroproliferative dermal tumors, which are borne out of abnormal wound healing processes following injury to the skin.