As the body's primary stress hormone, cortisol surges when we perceive danger, and causes all the symptoms we associate with “fight or flight”—increased blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tension, and the digestive system slamming to a halt, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Common symptoms of high cortisol levels
Rapid weight gain mainly in the face, chest, and abdomen. A flushed and round face. High blood pressure. Osteoporosis.
Weakened muscles. Mood swings, anxiety, depression, or irritability. Increased urination.
If a person believes they have high or low cortisol levels, they may wish to take a cortisol test. Usually, these tests take place at a medical practice. However, several at-home cortisol tests are available to purchase. A person can take these tests at home by providing a urine, blood, or saliva sample.
The main cause here is stress and high cortisol levels. See, our circadian rhythm directs our cortisol, an awakening hormone, to rise around 3am, in preparation for the next morning. However, if you cortisol levels are already high, which is a consequence of stress, then it's likely you will wake up.
How to prevent cortisol spikes at night? Prevent cortisol spikes at night by keeping stress low, getting enough sleep, staying in sync with your circadian rhythm (or body clock), avoiding late-night intense exercise, and eating a healthy diet.
Cortisol levels rise during stress, and thus cortisol is sometimes found to be associated with negative affect (Smyth et al., 1998). Also, individuals with excessive cortisol secretion, i.e., Cushing's Syndrome, often have depressed mood, which normalizes when their elevated cortisol is treated (Haskett, 1985).
Common signs and symptoms of excess cortisol include weight gain (especially in the face and abdomen), fatty deposits between the shoulder blades, diabetes, hypertension, hirsutism in women, proximal muscle weakness, and osteoporosis.
This is called a bilateral adrenalectomy. This procedure immediately stops the body from making too much cortisol. After both adrenal glands are removed, you may need to take medicines to replace cortisol and another adrenal hormone called aldosterone for the rest of your life.
Remember magnesium will help lower cortisol, if you do not have adequate levels of magnesium your body cannot relax and remove excess cortisol.
L-theanine is an amino acid found in black tea, green tea, and some brands of dark chocolate. Research suggests it produces a state of calmness for up to three hours by reducing cortisol levels and blunting cortisol responses.
Fish oil. Fish oil is a great source of omega-3s. Studies show that people with higher stress levels also happen to have lower levels of omega-3s. Another study found that four months of omega-3 supplementation led to overall lower levels of cortisol during stress.
As the body's primary stress hormone, cortisol surges when we perceive danger, and causes all the symptoms we associate with “fight or flight”—increased blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tension, and the digestive system slamming to a halt, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
In humans, the peak level secretion occurs in the morning (07:00–08:00 a.m.), which is considered the active phase, while its lowest secretion is around 02:00–04:00 a.m. at night [44,47].
“Eating foods such as processed meats, high sugar foods, caffeine and alcohol, which provide little nutritional value, have been associated with more psychiatric symptoms and can increase cortisol levels—our primary hormone responsible for stress,” she said.
In some cases, a person can develop Cushing's syndrome from taking steroid medications, such as prednisone. These drugs, known as corticosteroids, mimic the cortisol produced by the body. People who have Cushing's syndrome from steroid medications do not develop a tumor.
There is, in fact, a chemical reason why you get more stressed, as when you're even mildly dehydrated cortisol levels in the body increase. Cortisol production is triggered by the stress response. And one way to balance these chemicals in your brain? Drink more water.
Symptoms said to be due to adrenal fatigue include tiredness, trouble falling asleep at night or waking up in the morning, salt and sugar craving, and needing stimulants like caffeine to get through the day. These symptoms are common and non-specific, meaning they can be found in many diseases.
Juices that are high in vitamin C can lower the levels of cortisol and other stress hormones in the body. This includes orange, grapefruit, and strawberry juices. Juices can also be high in calories, so don't drink too much.
Adrenal gland tumors or disease.
Problems with the adrenal glands can cause them to make too much cortisol. The most common is a tumor in the outer part of the adrenal gland called an adrenal adenoma.