Therefore, androgen-driven sebum excess may initiate keloid-related cutaneous inflammation. The sebaceous gland has multiple biological functions in hormonal and immune modulation. Its number remains virtually the same throughout life, while its activity increases, driven by elevated androgen levels during puberty.
Keloid growth might be triggered by any sort of skin injury — an insect bite, acne, an injection, body piercing, burns, hair removal, and even minor scratches and bumps. Sometimes keloids form for no obvious reason. Keloids aren't contagious or cancerous. A keloid is different from a hypertrophic scar.
There was a significant negative correlation between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and duration of keloid. Accordingly, low serum and tissue 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and deficient tissue vitamin D receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of keloids.
Inflammatory reactions can cause tissue damage, leading to organ (including skin) fibrosis in autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma (SD), which has a similar pathology and microenvironment to keloids.
Researchers have found that between 33% and 50% of people who develop a keloid have at least one blood relative who gets keloids. This suggests that some people inherit genes that make them more likely to develop keloids. Dermatologists have found that these genes are more common in people who have a darker skin tone.
Abstract. Background: Keloid is a fibrotic skin disease for which immune cell infiltration is a primary pathological hallmark. Meanwhile, in autoimmune diseases, triggering of the inflammation response can lead to tissue injury and subsequent organ fibrosis.
Keloids are most common in people younger than 30. Black people, Asians, and Hispanics are more prone to developing keloids. Keloids often run in families. Sometimes, a person may not recall what injury caused a keloid to form.
Immune cells infiltrate the microenvironment and regulate keloid fibroblasts by secreting cytokines. The genesis and development of keloids is the result of the coevolution of keloid fibroblasts and their surrounding immune cells.
In the United States, Black people between the ages of 10 and 30 have the greatest risk of developing a keloid. Researchers continue to study keloids to find out what causes them. Knowing exactly what causes this type of scar could lead to better treatment and more effective ways to prevent keloids.
Stress promotes keloid formation by causing dermal distortion and compression which subsequently stimulate proliferation and enhanced protein synthesis in wound healing fibroblastic cells.
Most of the literature on keloid treatment suggests that a high rate of recurrence (50%-70%) prevails during their management. Recent in vitro studies on novel therapeutic approaches for treating keloids suggest that Vitamin D3 and quercetin may prove to play a significant role in managing them.
Vitamin D plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation as it slows the progression of tissue fibrosis by keloid fibroblasts and inhibits collagen synthesis in dermal fibrosis.
After the wound heals, apply silicone gel sheets or silicone gel. You can buy both of these products without a prescription. They can help prevent a keloid. To get the best results, you apply a new sheet or gel to the area every day.
Larger keloids can be flattened by pulsed-dye laser sessions. This method has also been useful in easing itchiness and causing keloids to fade. Pulsed-dye laser therapy is delivered over several sessions with 4 to 8 weeks between sessions. Your doctor might recommend combining laser therapy with cortisone injections.
Keloid surgery: Your dermatologist can surgically cut out the keloid. While this may seem like a permanent solution, it's important to know that nearly 100% of keloids return after this treatment. To reduce the risk of a keloid returning after surgical removal, most patients have another treatment after surgery.
In the Caucasian patient, keloids tend to be erythematous and telangiectatic; they are often hyperpigmented in darker-skinned individuals. Keloids most commonly occur on the chest, shoulders, upper back, posterior neck, and earlobes.
Risk Factors
Although a keloid scar can form on anyone, some ethnic groups are at a greater risk. People with more melanin in their skin, such as Black people, Asians, and Hispanics, are more susceptible. Some areas of the body are more prone to keloid scars, particularly parts where there is skin or muscle tension.
After your skin is injured, your cells try to repair it by forming a scar. In some people, the scar tissue keeps forming long after the wound heals. This extra scar tissue causes the raised area on your skin that is called a keloid.
People with darker skin, such as black, Hispanic, and Asian people, are 15 to 20 times more likely to get keloids. But, some people with lighter skin also get them. Keloids are more common in people younger than 30 years, in pregnant women, and in teenagers going through puberty.
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are pathological scars that result from aberrant wound healing. They are characterized by continuous local inflammation and excessive collagen deposition.
It is still unclear why some people are more likely to develop keloids rather than regular scars, but it seems that the longer a wound takes to heal, the greater the risk a person has of developing an overgrowth of scar tissue. Other things that may increase your risk include the following: A family history of keloids.
How common are keloids? About 10 percent of people experience keloid scarring. People under the age of 30 may be particularly at risk. People of African, Asian, or Latino descent, pregnant women, and those with a family history of keloids are more susceptible to this type of scarring.
Abstract. Keloid is a skin disease characterized by exaggerated scar formation, excessive fibroblast proliferation, and excessive collagen deposition. Cancers commonly arise from a fibrotic microenvironment; e.g., hepatoma arises from liver cirrhosis, and oral cancers arise from submucosal fibrosis.