Force lightning, also known as Sith lightning or dark rays, was an offensive power that Force users could conjure through the dark side of the Force.
Red Force Lightning
Due to his strong connection to the dark side, his Force lightning was red, a color that appears to only be able to be manifested by the most powerful individuals.
Darth Vader can not use force lighting, because of his severed arms. Robotic hands can't summon the force lighting. However Darth Vader can still use other forms of the force, such as force choke.
While Palpatine's lightning is by far the most powerful thing seen in the Star Wars movies, the Son's red lightning is certainly more dangerous. It's only been used by one other character in Star Wars canon, and that character was none other than Darth Vader.
Dark side users like Darth Desolous, Darth Tenebrous, Darth Maul and the Son, were seen wielding red. Jaina Solo also used a highly unusual color variant, in the form of black. Force users of the Eternal Empire used a form of yellow/orange lightning.
Quinlan Vos described the feeling of being struck by Dooku's lightning as both burning and freezing his limbs. Those who were harmed with Force lightning often writhed in pain with uncontrollable muscle spasms.
Flow-Walking is perhaps one of the most dangerous abilities that a Force user can wield. This rare Force power allows users to view the past and the future. Once Flow-Walking has commenced, those powerful in the Force can even alter some events that transpire, to change the course of the future.
Force lightning is a dark side ability used to torture, disfigure, and even kill one's victims. Blue in color, Sith shoot Force lightning from their hands by calling on their hatred and aggressive feelings.
Jedi DID Wield A Form Of Force Lightning In Legends
It was considered forbidden by the old Jedi Order, although a few masters - such as Plo Koon - studied the technique and even used it on occasion.
Perhaps, the old creature simply forgot. Late in the film, Darth Vader does not recognize C-3PO who is in Cloud City with Han Solo, Chewbacca, and Leia. Although C-3PO is not completely assembled in the scene, he is definitely visible to Vader.
It's likely Kylo never learned how to summon Force Lightning
From what we learned from the Marvel Comics story on Kylo Ren and his upbringing, along with the information explained and even alluded to in the sequel trilogy — it's entirely likely that Kylo never completely learned how to harness Force lightning.
1 Darth Sidious
There has been no Sith, as powerful, meticulous, nor as evil as the Emperor himself, Darth Sidious. As previously mentioned, Sidious trained in the Dark Side by Darth Plagueis before Sidious killed Plagueis in his sleep, making Sidious a Sith Master.
Perhaps the strangest colors reported are instances of pink or green lightning seen during snowstorms. The phenomenon, known as”thundersnow”, is rare. The unique sky color is caused as snowflakes refract and reflect the white bolt in a unique way.
Gray Jedi commonly demonstrated their skills with both Light and Dark side Force capabilities. For example, the capacity to construct a lightsaber from scratch, along with unique Force talents such as Force lightning.
The color of the bolt depends on how hot it is; the hotter the lightning, the closer the color will be to the end of the spectrum. The color spectrum in this case start with infared which is red and the coolest up to ultraviolet which appears violet and is the hottest.
Mace Windu, with his lightsaber combat form Vaapad, could reflect the lightning back to its source with a "superconducting loop". It required tremendous effort on the reflector's part, however, as seen in Windu's battle with Palpatine; Windu was seemingly able to overcome Palpatine's lightning.
Darth Plagueis, publicly known as Hego Damask II, and remembered as Darth Plagueis the Wise, was a male Muun powerful Dark Lord of the Sith hailing from the planet Mygeeto. Damask was born between 147 and 120 BBY to a female Muun and a male Muun.
In both canon and Legends, Jedi will sometimes use red-bladed lightsabers in emergencies where they're missing their lightsabers and a Sith weapon is the only one available. Some Jedi are explicitly shown using red lightsabers in Legends, however.
Without question, the most powerful Force ability present in Star Wars is the Thought Bomb. It is created through an ancient Sith ritual where the Sith combine their dark side powers.
Anakin Skywalker was a Force-sensitive life form whose blood contained the highest known midi-chlorian count. Rising to power in the last remaining years of the Republic, a Force-sensitive politician rose to power in the ranks of the Galactic Senate.
Ysalamiri were lizard-like tree-dwellers about 50 centimeters in length native to the planet Myrkr, most known for their ability to repel the Force by creating a Force-neutral bubble.
Like the lightning bolt itself, the energy harnessed in the attack is also available to the Jedi master. Yoda also possesses high-level mastery of the ”absorb/mimic/redirect powers, which essentially allows him to absorb that Force lightning energy, and then use that against his adversary.
Either way, while Vader can use most other Force abilities, Force Lightning needs to be channeled, and Vader's limbs are explicitly not connected to the Force. The Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith Visual Dictionary confirms Darth Vader cannot use Force Lightning, and even suggests this is the reason why.
Maul could use Force lightning (Legends), and in Canon and in Legends, we are given a lot of information that indicates that he should have known how to use it. Maul didn't use Sith Lightning because he preferred a physical duel, which I'll discuss at the end.