Blackwater fever is a complication of malaria infection consisting of a syndrome of febrile intra-vascular haemolysis with severe anaemia and intermittent passage of dark-red to black colour urine. Despite numerous reports and studies of this condition, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.
Definition: Blackwater fever is a clinical entity characterized by acute intravascular hemolysis classically occuring after the re-introduction of quinine in long-term residents in Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas and repeatedly using the product.
Symptoms of blackwater fever include a rapid pulse, high fever and chills, extreme prostration, a rapidly developing anemia, and the passage of urine that is black or dark red in colour (hence the disease's name).
Blackwater fever is characterized by acute intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Blackwater fever (BWF) is a rare but serious complication of malaria that is a consequence of antimalarial treatment. Its prevalence seems to have increased. Its diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and urine color. We report on 4 BWF cases admitted to the infectious diseases department of Zinder National Hospital.
It's official name is Visceral Leishmaniasis, also known as Black Fever, is almost always fatal.
Blackwater: is the wastewater from bathrooms and toilets that contains faecal matter and urine. Water from kitchens and dishwashers are also considered blackwater due to the contamination by pathogens and grease (Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources 2013, Your Home, Australian Government, Canberra).
Introduction: early recognition of warning signs in malarial patients allows timely identification of the patient at risk of severe malaria and provides opportune treatment. Jaundice and dark urine are frequent signs that can alert to the occurrence of severe malaria.
Symptoms of malaria include fever and flu-like illness, including shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and tiredness. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells.
Talk to your doctor if you experience a fever while living in or after traveling to a high-risk malaria region. If you have severe symptoms, seek emergency medical attention.
It is transmitted through the bite of the sandfly (Phlebotomus argentipes) infected with the parasite Leishmania donovani. It causes emaciation, enlargement of the spleen and liver, anaemia and fever, and in chronic cases leads to darkening of the skin, hence the name.
Kala-Azar or Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease, caused by the parasite, Leishmania donovani.
The black fever
Kala-azar was first discovered in Bengal (encompassing today's Bangladesh and parts of India, including, during the colonial era, Bihar), where it received its name, which means “black fever” in Hindi. It causes fever, weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and anaemia.
Extended exposure to black water can lead to infections, illnesses, and long-term respiratory problems, while coming into contact with it exposes a human to even more serious health risks and even death in certain cases. The money you think you might be saving is clearly not worth the grave danger to your health.
Usually wastewater, or blackwater, coming from civil metabolism, are treated by classic biological plants composed by some pre treatments, a biological reactor and, if requested, by a tertiary phase. If the effluent need to be recycled the all plant must be designed to guarantees the best performance in all steps.
The natural history of malaria involves cyclical infection of humans and female Anopheles mosquitoes. In humans, the parasites grow and multiply first in the liver cells and then in the red cells of the blood.
With proper treatment, symptoms of malaria usually go away quickly, with a cure within two weeks. Without proper treatment, malaria episodes (fever, chills, sweating) can return periodically over a period of years. After repeated exposure, patients will become partially immune and develop milder disease.
The malaria paroxysm comprises three successive stages. The first is a 15-to-60 minute cold stage characterized by shivering and a feeling of cold. Next comes the 2-to-6 hour hot stage, in which there is fever, sometimes reaching 41°C, flushed, dry skin, and often headache, nausea, and vomiting.
What the researchers found most surprising is the fact that the malaria infection leaves its mark on body odour for life.
A number of medications produce blue or green urine, including amitriptyline, indomethacin (Indocin, Tivorbex) and propofol (Diprivan). Medical conditions. Familial benign hypercalcemia, a rare inherited disorder, is sometimes called blue diaper syndrome because children with the disorder have blue urine.
Is clear urine always a good thing? In most cases, clear urine is a sign that you're well hydrated. And that's a positive thing because good hydration helps your body function at its best. But, in some cases, clear pee may mean that you're drinking too much water and you're too hydrated.
When kidneys are failing, the increased concentration and accumulation of substances in urine lead to a darker color which may be brown, red or purple. The color change is due to abnormal protein or sugar, high levels of red and white blood cells, and high numbers of tube-shaped particles called cellular casts.
Blackwater rivers are black due to the tannic acid leached from fallen leaves of trees such as oaks that inhabit the wide floodplains along the river's edge. As the water rises and falls, it draws nutrients from decaying plant and animal matter, known as detritus.
Black alkaline water is enriched with many essential minerals and has a high alkaline pH of 8+, yielding multiple health benefits. It keeps you hydrated for a longer period of time, draws out toxins from your body, helps in boosting metabolism and immunity and has anti-ageing properties that filter out free radicals.