The printf() function is used to display output and the scanf() function is used to take input from users. The printf() and scanf() functions are commonly used functions in C Language. These functions are inbuilt library functions in header files of C programming.
Printf() and Scanf() are inbuilt library functions in C language that perform formatted input and formatted output functions. These functions are defined and declared in stdio. h header file. The 'f' in printf and scanf stands for 'formatted'.
The printf() function sends a formatted string to the standard output (the display). This string can display formatted variables and special control characters, such as new lines ('\n'), backspaces ('\b') and tabspaces ('\t'); these are listed in Table 2.1. Table 2.1. Special control (or escape sequence) characters.
Format specifier string:
Note: The major difference between printf and scanf is, In printf() we pass variable values whereas in scanf() we pass the variable address.
In C programming language, scanf is a function that stands for Scan Formatted String. It reads data from stdin (standard input stream i.e. usually keyboard) and then writes the result into the given arguments. It accepts character, string, and numeric data from the user using standard input.
The “%d” in scanf allows the function to recognise user input as being of an integer data type, which matches the data type of our variable number. The ampersand (&) allows us to pass the address of variable number which is the place in memory where we store the information that scanf read.
%d takes integer value as signed decimal integer i.e. it takes negative values along with positive values but values should be in decimal otherwise it will print garbage value.
The printf() function is used to display output and the scanf() function is used to take input from users. The printf() and scanf() functions are commonly used functions in C Language. These functions are inbuilt library functions in header files of C programming.
The printf function (the name comes from “print formatted”) prints a string on the screen using a “format string” that includes the instructions to mix several strings and produce the final string to be printed on the screen.
The void main() indicates that the main() function will not return any value, but the int main() indicates that the main() can return integer type data. When our program is simple, and it is not going to terminate before reaching the last line of the code, or the code is error free, then we can use the void main().
%d tells printf that the corresponding argument is to be treated as an integer value; the type of the corresponding argument must be int .
scanf("%d", &b); The program will read in an integer value that the user enters on the keyboard (%d is for integers, as is printf, so b must be declared as an int) and place that value into b. The scanf function uses the same placeholders as printf: int uses %d.
#include is a way of including a standard or user-defined file in the program and is mostly written at the beginning of any C/C++ program. This directive is read by the preprocessor and orders it to insert the content of a user-defined or system header file into the following program.
scanf returns EOF if end of file (or an input error) occurs before any values are stored. If any values are stored, it returns the number of items stored; that is, it returns the number of times a value is assigned by one of the scanf argument pointers.
The newline character ( \n ) is called an escape sequence, and it forces the cursor to change its position to the beginning of the next line on the screen. This results in a new line.
"%s" expects a pointer to a null-terminated string ( char* ). "%c" expects a character ( int ).
%d and %f are format specifiers. %d is used for integer(-3,-100,3,100,etc). And %f is used for float(10.6,-39.0,etc).
in "%*d", the first argument is defined as the total width of the output, the second argument is taken as normal integer. for the below program int x=6,p=10; printf("%*d",x,p); output: " 10" the first argument ta passed for *, that defines the total width of the output... in this case, width is passed as 6.
In C programming language, %d and %i are format specifiers as where %d specifies the type of variable as decimal and %i specifies the type as integer. In usage terms, there is no difference in printf() function output while printing a number using %d or %i but using scanf the difference occurs.
return 0: A return 0 means that the program will execute successfully and did what it was intended to do.
Every C program has a primary function that must be named main . The main function serves as the starting point for program execution. It usually controls program execution by directing the calls to other functions in the program.
Array in C can be defined as a method of clubbing multiple entities of similar type into a larger group. These entities or elements can be of int, float, char, or double data type or can be of user-defined data types too like structures.
Use the scanf() function to get a single word as input, and use fgets() for multiple words.
%d is a signed integer, while %u is an unsigned integer. Pointers (when treated as numbers) are usually non-negative. If you actually want to display a pointer, use the %p format specifier.