Children with dyslexia struggle with phonology, or the recognition and manipulation of sounds in language. Dyslexia affects a child's ability to decode words — to break them down into constituent sounds, or phonemes, and then to sound out novel words.
However, students with dyslexia have difficulty with identifying, pronouncing, or recalling sounds. Tests of phonological processing focus on these skills. Students with dyslexia often have a slow speed of processing information (visual or auditory). Tasks measure Naming Speed (also called Rapid Automatic Naming).
In fact, despite reading ability, people who have dyslexia can have a range of intellectual ability. Most have average to above average IQs, and just like the general population, some have superior to very superior scores.
Some teachers and parents can mistake a dyslexic child for someone who is lacking intelligence. But the truth is dyslexia has nothing to do with a child's level of intelligence.
In Summary. Evidence-based reading instruction for dyslexia must include all 5 components outlined by the National Reading Panel. These 5 components are phonemic awareness, systematic phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension instruction.
The 4 types of dyslexia include phonological dyslexia, surface dyslexia, rapid naming deficit, and double deficit dyslexia. Dyslexia is a learning disorder where the person often has difficulty reading and interpreting what they read.
Phonological Dyslexia
It deals with difficulties in matching sounds to symbols and breaking down the sounds of language. Individuals with phonological dyslexia struggle to decode or sound out words. It's believed that phonological dyslexia is the most common type of dyslexia.
ResultsFamily-risk status was a stronger predictor of dyslexia at 8 years than low language in preschool. Additional predictors in the preschool years include letter knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and executive skills.
Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Leonardo da Vinci, and Pablo Picasso possessed some of the greatest minds and talents in history and they were dyslexic.
Spanish, Italian and German, on the other hand, are much more transparent languages with clear letter-sound correspondence. This makes reading and spelling easier. German has the additional advantage of having a sound system that is very close to English and the two languages share a large number of words.
The Orton–Gillingham Method
This popular method has long been used to teach children with dyslexia how to read. By focusing on the connection between letters and their sounds, children can assign more meaning to the language and develop better overall comprehension.
According to statistics, world estimates of the prevalence of dyslexia range from 0.05% (in Turkey) to 33.33% (in Nigeria).
People often confuse dyslexia and autism for one another or conflate them for their similarities. But they are two completely different disorders that affect the brains of people in different ways. While dyslexia is a learning difficulty, autism is a developmental disorder.
Dyslexia symptoms are often picked up in the first 2 years of school, usually when children start learning to read. Before children start school, it can be hard to tell whether they have dyslexia. But there are some early warning signs in preschoolers.
People with dyslexia tend to have poor working memory, speed of processing and rapid retrieval of information from long term memory. These weaknesses will also affect maths learning. 60% of learners with dyslexia have maths learning difficulties.
Dyslexia is not a disease. It's a condition a person is born with, and it often runs in families. People with dyslexia are not stupid or lazy. Most have average or above-average intelligence, and they work very hard to overcome their reading problems.
While dyslexia has nothing to do with a child's intelligence or interest in learning, children do not outgrow it. If left untreated, the condition can lead to lifelong difficulties with reading, spelling and writing.
Kids with dyslexia can sometimes have difficulty finding the word they're looking for, or they might misspeak. This can result in halted speech and shorter utterances which don't fully express what the child is looking to say.
Dyslexia is a disorder present at birth and cannot be prevented or cured, but it can be managed with special instruction and support. Early intervention to address reading problems is important.