If you study Russian, you probably already know that there are two ways of addressing a person, informal “ты” and a form of courtesy “вы”.
The Russian language – a short history
Russian, known as Русский язык (romanized: Russkiy yazyk) to Russians, is the official language of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan and it is also used as a second language in other former Soviet countries.
ты • (ty) (familiar) you (singular), thou.
Ты is reserved for friends, family, and young children. Вы is the polite form of address to strangers, older people, officials, and anyone you are interacting with in a formal setting.
“ты” is informal and means only one person. “вы” is either addressing a group or is used in formal speech when talking to ONE person. “вы” is for older people, to show respect to someone (of higher status or in more powerful position, etc).
Both ты and тебя are translated as "you", but they have different grammatical functions. In the first sentence ты is the subject of the sentence. And subjects in Russian sentences are always in the Nominative case. In the second sentence тебя is an object, because the subject in this sentence is я (I).
Most of these are about (I/me) and gender neutral. you is вы (formal) and ты (familiar) He is он She is она While to him is ему and to her is ей There are many cases to learn for each gender and also for me, they, you etc.
The particle же emphasizes words in a sentence, so if you say в тот самый момент, it means "at the same moment", and if you say в тот же самый момент, it means "at the very same moment". The same happens to a place. Also, in everyday speech we almost always use the particle.
Russki and Russky (pl. Russkies) are ethnic slurs for Russians, derived from the Russian word русские ("Russians"). Those terms may also refer to citizens of Russia regardless of ethnic background.
Russian is an official language in Russia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan and is spoken in 19 other countries as monther tongue by a part of the population. The Russian language (native name: русский) has its roots in the Indo-European language family.
The Russian language is a member of a family of languages known as East Slavic. It also includes Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Rusyn; all are similar in grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. They are also mutually intelligible—which means that speakers of one can understand speakers of another with little difficulty.
“Ты” is the regular 2nd person singular form. It is mostly used in informal situations and shows a certain kind of proximity between people. It's correct to use “ты” in the following situations: With friends and family.
Вас (vas) is the formal version of тебя (“you” in the accusative case).
Zhe or Že (Ж ж; italics: Ж ж) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced retroflex sibilant /ʐ/ (listen). It is also often used with D (Д) to approximate the sound in English of the Latin letter J with a ДЖ combination. Zhe is romanized as ⟨zh⟩ or ⟨ž⟩.
However, this new rule was applied inconsistently throughout the Soviet period. Therefore, today, we still use Ъ when separating the prefix and root of a word, but only if the root begins with Е, Ё, Ю or Я.
In Modern Russian, the letter "ъ" is called the hard sign (твёрдый знак / tvjordyj znak). It has no phonetic value of its own and is purely an orthographic device. Its function is to separate a number of prefixes ending in consonants from subsequent morphemes that begin with iotated vowels.
Today, both the Hard sign (Ъ) and the Soft sign (Ь) are used to separate a consonant and a vowel (mostly Я, Ё, Е, Ю), only the Hard sign (Ъ) separates a Hard consonant and a vowel, and the Soft sign (Ь) separates a Soft consonant and a vowel. In some other languages, a similar function is given to an apostrophe.