While some studies have suggested that rumination syndrome occurs predominantly among children and adults with development delay, this has not been substantiated by other studies [11-15].
The condition has long been known to occur in infants and people with developmental disabilities. It's now clear that the condition isn't related to age, as it can occur in children, teens and adults. Rumination syndrome is more likely to occur in people with anxiety, depression or other psychiatric disorders.
Fact: Everyone ruminates.
Rumination is extremely common. Everyone has experienced ruminating thoughts at some time in their lives. It's normal to have positive and negative ruminations.
Rumination, namely a cognitive process characterized by a repetitive thinking focused on negative feelings and thoughts, is a significant predictor for the onset of internalizing symptoms and has also been found to run in families.
Rumination disorder most often starts after age 3 months, following a period of normal digestion. It occurs in infants and is rare in children and teenagers. The cause is often unknown.
In these two studies, one from the United States [5] and the other which surveyed over 50,000 participants across 26 countries [6], the prevalence of rumination was 3.1 and 5.8 percent, respectively.
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are reported to have greater levels of anger rumination than typically developing children. This study examined anger rumination in children with ASD in comparison to children with disruptive behavior disorder without ASD.
The exact causes of rumination syndrome are not known. Some people may develop this syndrome if they have emotional problems or if they are undergoing stressful events.
One factor that may increase engagement in rumination is the experience of stress, that is, social and environmental circumstances that require psychological and physiological adaptation over time by the organism (Monroe, 2008).
Rumination was moderately heritable (h2=. 37–. 41 for the latent variable) and substantially influenced by nonshared environmental factors, and these results were consistent across different measures. Nonshared environmental influences on rumination were larger for women than men.
Overall, the oldest age group reported less ruminative thoughts, which was expressed in medium to large effect sizes in comparison to younger age groups.
Schizophrenia: People with schizophrenia may ruminate on unusual thoughts or fears, or they might feel distracted by intrusive voices and hallucinations. A 2014 study found that people with schizophrenia who ruminate on the condition's associated social stigma might be more vulnerable to depression.
14) with girls significantly more likely to ruminate than boys. In adolescence, this gender difference was significant and larger in magnitude (d = .
Rumination is a major component of depression. Rumination, especially brooding, may make a person prone to depression and make therapy less effective.
Rumination is a reflex, not a conscious action. This problem is a psychological disorder. It may be mistaken for vomiting or other digestive problems. Behavioral therapy will help you to notice the pattern and work to fix it.
Depression in bipolar disorder has long been thought to be a state characterized by mental inactivity. However, recent research demonstrates that patients with bipolar disorder engage in rumination, a form of self-focused repetitive cognitive activity, in depressed as well as in manic states.
While rumination syndrome itself is not life-threatening, the problems that develop around the rumination are quite debilitating. Some of these problems include: Heightened GI sensitivity resulting in severe abdominal pain, nausea, bloating and/or pressure that makes having food or fluid in the stomach intolerable.
Find a way to distract yourself. Call a friend -- and talk about anything but the thoughts troubling you. Exercise, tackle some chores, work on a puzzle, watch a movie, or spend time in nature. A 2014 study found that after a 90-minute nature walk, people reported fewer symptoms of rumination.
Some of the long-term complications may include: Increased risk of dehydration, malnutrition and weight loss. Poor school attendance and involvement in activities. Emotional issues such as anxiety, stress and depression.
Rumination is a core feature of OCD that causes a person to spend an inordinate amount time worrying about, analyzing, and trying to understand or clarify a particular thought or theme.
Increased ruminative style of thought has been well documented in borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, less is known about how the content of rumination relates to domains of BPD features.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) classifies rumination as a feeding and eating disorder. DSM-5 criteria for rumination are as follows: Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed or spit out.
The results of this research indicated that rumination is a cognitive predisposing factor of depression and may aggravate the correlation between depression and negative cognition; this finding is consistent with that in previous studies [19, 36].
Rumination was associated with a diagnosis of PTSD. Individuals with PTSD reported greater rumination; rumination was associated with increased likelihood of PTSD diagnosis and PTSD symptom severity. Rumination mediated the effect of thought control strategies (punishment and reappraisal) on PTSD symptom severity.