The skull thickness in Black and White adults of both sexes was studied in Rhodesia by two methods. White women have the thickest, and White men the thinnest skulls.
The sex differences are variable, but in certain age groups the females in both races have significatly thicker parietal and occipital bones than their male counterpart. The frontal bone is thicker in the white male than in the black, and the parietooccipital thicker in the blacks than in the whites.
The size and shape of the skull varies for different races.. The science of assigning race based on skull features is called craniofacial anthropometry. Forensic anthropologists determine identification by developing a biological profile, as skulls within racial groups have traits in common.
According to a new imaging study of 3,000 people using the latest in imaging analysis techniques, women's skulls are thicker than men's, and both shrink slowly in adulthood. The average skull thickness for men is 6.5 millimeters, and the average for women is 7.1 mm.
BLACKS HAVE HIGHER axial and appendicular bone mineral content and density than whites of comparable ages and body weights (1–3). This is associated with a lower incidence of fractures in black adults than in whites (4–6).
Individuals of African descent have higher bone density and fewer fractures than Caucasians, whereas Asians have lower fracture rates despite lower bone density.
Forensic anthropologists determine the ancestry of a skeleton by examining the morphology, or shape, of the skull and by taking measurements of the skull vault (cavity) and face. By comparing these results with data from populations worldwide, scientists can evaluate that individual's relationship to a world group.
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare condition characterized by thickening (overgrowth) of bones in the skull (cranium) and abnormalities in a region at the end of long bones known as the metaphysis. The abnormal bone growth continues throughout life.
Conclusion: The thickest area of the skull is the parasagittal posterior parietal area in male skulls and the posterior parietal area midway between the sagittal and superior temporal line in female skulls.
adjective. 1. : having a thick skull. : dull of apprehension : slow to learn : insensitive, stupid.
Meet 'Homo longi': The new species of human with 'square' eye sockets dubbed the 'Dragon Man' The largest ancient human skull ever found belongs to a new species previously unknown to science, according to three blockbuster papers published on Saturday (NZ time).
European skulls, sometimes referred to by the scientific terms Caucasoid or Caucasian, are relatively long and narrow when compared to Asian or African types. They have less pronounced cheek bones and exhibit elongated chins. Nasal openings are triangular shaped with a more pronounced (protruding) nasal bridge.
Adjusted bone density at various skeletal sites was 4.5-16.1% higher for black than for white men and was 1.2-7.3% higher for black than for white women. We concluded that racial differences in bone mineral density are not accounted for by clinical or biochemical variables measured in early adulthood.
The East Asians, Whites, and Blacks averaged 1416, 1380, and 1359 cm3, respectively. The East Asians averaged 36 cm3 more capacity than did the Whites, and the Whites averaged 21 cm3 more capacity than did the Blacks. This study allowed precise adjustments for all kinds of body size measures.
For both the males and females, the general trend of the full skull thickness was a slight increase with age. This trend was greatest in the frontal and parietal regions of the skull. Bone growth and remodeling is a product of both systemic and mechanical loading and regulation.
Using 3-D scans, scientists analyzed the faces of healthy men and women of different ages. They found that as we age, bones in the skull shrink, sink and slide around.
White women have the thickest, and White men the thinnest skulls. The skulls of women are thicker than those of men in both ethnic groups. The differences are shown to be statistically significant.
Research has found that the genetics of both brain and skull growth influence baby head size.
Additionally, Gerszten's [14] study of over 400 pre- Columbian skulls shows no apparent difference between the cranial capacities of the deformed and the unreformed skulls, lending support to the view that the brain is unharmed and that normal brain function is unaffected by the deforming procedure.
The skull is considered to be the most important bone for race determination because without it, the origin of race cannot accurately be determined. Forensic anthropologists use lengths, widths, and shapes of skull features along with population-specific dental traits to aid them in reaching a conclusion.
Data from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) and the Baltimore Men's Osteoporosis Study (MOST) show that, in both sexes, blacks have higher adjusted bone mineral density than whites and a slower age-adjusted annual rate of decline in bone mineral density.
Bone biopsy studies show that blacks have greater bone volume. The rate of fractures and cardiovascular diseases are also less frequent. Further studies are required to better understand the cellular and molecular bases of these racial differences in bone mineral metabolism and thus better treat patients.
Consistent with this, bone mineral density was also lower in Asians as compared with the reference Caucasian population, both at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. As a consequence, a higher proportion of Asian women were classified as being at increased risk of osteoporosis than Caucasian women.
We have earlier demonstrated that Polynesians have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than age- and weight-matched Europeans in New Zealand (Cundy et al J Bone Miner Res. 1995; Reid et al Br Med J 1986).