The sounds /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ are both voiceless, alveo-palatal consonants. However, /tʃ/ is an affricate while /ʃ/ is a fricative. When you pronounce /tʃ/, the air in your mouth should stop (like a /t/) before it is released (like a /ʃ/).
These two are pronounced with exactly the same mouth position but /dʒ/ uses the voice, whereas /tʃ/ is just a sudden puff of air similar to a sneeze.
The sound /ʃ/ is a voiceless, alveo-palatal, fricative consonant. Lightly press the middle of your tongue between your alveolar ridge and your soft palate. The sides of your tongue should lightly touch your back upper teeth. Breathe out and allow air to flow past your tongue.
/ʧ/ is pronounced without your tongue moving and with more air released than with /t/. It is similar to the sound of a sneeze, and the air released should be able to move a piece of paper or be felt on your hand five centimetres in front of your mouth.
In a postalveolar consonant, the constriction is made immediately behind the alveolar ridge. The constriction can be made with either the tip or the blade of the tongue. The English fricatives [ʃ] and [ʒ] are made at this POA, as are the corresponding affricates [tʃ] and [dʒ].
The sound /tʃ/ is a voiceless, alveo-palatal, affricate consonant. Press the middle of your tongue between your alveolar ridge and your soft palate. Quickly move your tongue downward while forcefully pushing air out. The air in your mouth should stop before it is released.
In manner of articulation, both sounds are sibilant affricates, produced by stopping and then pushing the air stream along the grooved tongue surface (the tongue blade, or the front section of the tongue) creating a hissing-style high frequency noise due to air turbulence.
English has two affricate phonemes, /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/, often spelled ch and j, respectively.
The /ŋ/ phoneme is, made through the nose rather than the mouth and it is Voiced, which means you use your vocal cords, but it is defined by the position of your tongue, and is made with the flow of air through the mouth completely blocked.
RP's consonant clusters /tj/ and /dj/ are increasingly replaced by /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ in SSB. This is more common in weak syllables, e.g. education, but is increasingly heard also in stressed syllables, e.g. Tuesday.
The ʤ sound is a sound from the 'Consonants Pairs' group and it is called the 'Voiced palato-alveolar affricate'. This means that you create friction by first stopping the airflow with your tongue and the ridge behind your teeth, then release it through a narrow gap.
To make the /ʃ/ sound:
To make /ʃ/, place the tip of your tongue at the front of the top of your mouth, behind where the /s/ is produced. Push air between the top of your mouth and the tip of your tongue.
You also sometimes see [ʃ] and [ʒ] called “alveo-palatal” or “palato-alveolar” sounds because the place of articulation is between the alveolar ridge and the palate.
The /ʃ/ sound is one of the nine fricative consonant sounds in American English. Note for geeks: the /ʃ/ sound is a palatal, voiceless, fricative consonant.
Both sounds are made by pushing air between the lower teeth and the roof of the mouth, but dʒ begins with a brief "d" sound, and ʒ does not. The two sounds are similar, but the initial "d" in dʒ makes it a sharper sound.
What are affricates? The English affricates, the 'ch sound' /ʧ/ and 'j sound' /ʤ/ are two-part consonant sounds. They begin by fully stopping the air from leaving the vocal tract (similar to a stop sound), then releasing it through a constricted opening. (similar to a fricative sound).
əː is used in words like 'earth', 'work', 'her', 'stir', and 'curve'.
To make the /ŋ/ sound:
Lift the back of your tongue (like you're making a “k” sound) and place it against the soft palate at the back of your mouth. Vibrate your vocal cords. Do not let any air leave through your mouth; it should all leave through your nose.
Ezh (Ʒ ʒ) /ˈɛʒ/, also called the "tailed z", is a letter the lower case form of which is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), representing the voiced postalveolar fricative consonant.
There are a total of nine fricative consonants in English: /f, θ, s, ∫, v, ð, z, З, h/, and eight of them (all except for/h/) are produced by partially obstructing the airflow through the oral cavity.
Fricatives and Affricates
Fricatives are characterised by a “hissing” sound which is produced by the air escaping through a small passage in the mouth. Affricates begin as plosives and end as fricatives. These are homorganic sounds, that is, the same articulator produces both sound, the plosive and the fricative.
To make the /dʒ/ sound:
Place the tip of your tongue just behind the hard ridge at the front of the top of your mouth. Vibrate your vocal cords, and push air forward out of your mouth. Stop the air completely at first, and then release it.
Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge. Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
/ʤ/ is an explosive sound that is like a voiced version of /ʧ/ and therefore quite a lot of air is expelled from a rounded mouth. /d/ is a voiced version of /t/ and so the sound is made with your tongue behind your top teeth.