Minimal Pair /ɒ/ and /ɔ:/ The biggest difference between these two sounds is that /ɒ/ is a short vowel and /ɔ:/ is a long one. The mouth position is also slightly different, with the mouth in /ɔ:/ being slightly tighter and more rounded.
The sound /ɔ/ is a low, back, tense vowel. Lower your tongue and pull it backwards. Make a circle with your lips. Tighten your tongue.
How to Produce /ɒ/? To produce it, drop the jaw just a little and round the lips, unlike the unrounded /ɑ/ sound. Push your lips together and make a short, voiced sound. As you can see in the picture, the mouth is slightly more open than the /æ/ sound and less rounded than when producing the /ɔ/ sound.
The sound /ʊ/ is a back, high, lax, rounded vowel. Spelling: “oo” – took, good. “u” – put, bush.
In this lesson, you'll learn how to pronounce the OH as in ROSE vowel sound. You hear this sound in words like “home,” “control,” and “appropriate.” You might think this sound is pretty easy and you've already got it just right.
/ɑɪ/ is a diphthong, which is a combination of two different vowel sounds. To begin, place your tongue low in your mouth, and shifted toward the back, to say /ɑ/. Then, as you vibrate your vocal cords, lift your tongue high in the mouth and shift it forward, to say /ɪ/.
All vowels are made through the mouth and are voiced so you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound. It is similar to the /u:/ sound, but it is shorter. /ʊ/ not /u:/. To produce the ʊ sound put your tongue close to the top and near the back of your mouth and make a short voiced sound with your mouth closed.
The vowel /ou/ is a long vowel as in goat, and is more properly written as /ɔʊ/ or /oʊ/ in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols. It is generally and informally called the "long o" sound. It is a diphthong, or double vowel, consisting of the vowel /ɔ/ or /o/ gliding off into the lax vowel /ʊ/.
TL;DR: To pronounce the /aʊ/ sound correctly, connect the /ɑ/ sound to /ʊ/ with a smooth, gliding movement. Step-by-step pronunciation instructions: Mouth: First, open your mouth very wide for the /ɑ/ sound. Then glide into the /ʊ/, closing it partially.
Some Ways of Spelling the /ɔ:/ Sound
ore, as in: chore, ore, pore, core, more, etc. our, as in: court, four, mourn, etc. oar, as in: hoarse, coarse, soar, hoard, oar, etc. oor, as in: door, floor, moor, etc.
So thus /ɑ/ would be a better choice in North America.
Across the pond, Received Pronunciation British and other dialects don't merge "father" and "bother" vowels like that, thus you get /ɒ/ to accommodate (by the way, /ɒ/ is the rounded version of /ɑ/.)
You can use this list to practise the sounds, or as a list of words to be careful in pronouncing. The biggest difference between these two sounds is that /ɒ/ is a short vowel and /ɔ:/ is a long one. The mouth position is also slightly different, with the mouth in /ɔ:/ being slightly tighter and more rounded.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet the sign ː (not a colon, but two triangles facing each other in an hourglass shape; Unicode U+02D0 ) is used for both vowel and consonant length. This may be doubled for an extra-long sound, or the top half (ˑ) may be used to indicate that a sound is "half long".
/ɔː/ is a monophthong and /əʊ/ is a diphthong. Both sounds are not very similar, but /əʊ/ in American English sounds [oʊ] and [o] is similar to [ɔː].
They are different ways of representing the same diphthong phoneme in IPA, so yes, they are the same. They are associated with different dialects, though (/əʊ/ with British Englishes, /oʊ/ with American Englishes), so no, they're generally not pronounced the same.
This is the /u:/ sound. It is a Vowel sound and it's technical name is the 'Close Back Rounded Vowel'.
Tip: To produce this sound, start by widening your mouth. Afterward move your jaw and your tongue up a bit. Tip: To produce this sound, open your mouth wide. Spread your lips as you are producing the sound, and move your tongue and your jaw up.
/ʧ/ is pronounced without your tongue moving and with more air released than with /t/. It is similar to the sound of a sneeze, and the air released should be able to move a piece of paper or be felt on your hand five centimetres in front of your mouth.
The /eɪ/ sound is made as you move your mouth. You need to move your tongue up from /e/ to /ɪ/, and close your mouth slightly. This is a common sound; eg, for the 'ay' in 'pay', the 'a' in 'shade', the 'ai' in 'tail', the 'ei' in 'eight', the 'ea' in 'steak' and the 'ey' in 'Hey!' .
The /ɪ/ vowel is a high-front sound. Your tongue should be positioned high in your mouth, and shifted toward the front. Your lips should be relaxed, and only slightly open. Vibrate your vocal cords with your mouth in this position.