Second plan, 1932–1937 The second five-year plan gave heavy industry top priority, putting the Soviet Union not far behind Germany as one of the major steel-producing countries of the world. Further improvements were made in communications, especially railways, which became faster and more reliable.
Second Plan (1956–1961)
The Second Plan focused on the development of the public sector and "rapid Industrialisation". The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an economic development model developed by the Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953.
Under the Second Five-Year Plan (1933-37), the state devoted attention to consumer goods, and the factories built during the first plan helped increase industrial output in general. The Second Five-Year Plan (1933-37) continued the primary emphasis on heavy industry.
The primary goal of the plan was to turn the Soviet Union from a mostly agricultural into an industrialized country. The secondary goal was collectivization of agriculture which was supposed to aid in industrialization. One of the reasons for the plan's launch in 1928 was the grain shortage of 1927-1928.
The second Five-Year Plan (1933–37) continued the objectives of the first.
In the Soviet Union the first Five-Year Plan (1928–32), implemented by Joseph Stalin, concentrated on developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the cost of a drastic fall in consumer goods. The second Five-Year Plan (1933–37) continued the objectives of the first.
The Second Five-Year Plan – 1933-37
Forced collectivisation had also led to food shortages, rationing and even famine. Many workers changed jobs regularly and skilled workers were in short supply.
Five-Year Plans are plans that focused on the economic development of India. Out of the 12 Five-Year Plans that were implemented, seven failed to achieve their target. The reasons for this failure include shortage of resources and faulty implementation of plans.
Ans. India's five year plans have faced many failures such as poor implementation, lack of coordination between different sectors, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient funds allocation to critical sectors like education and healthcare.
In all, there were thirteen Soviet five-year plans. The first ran from the autumn of 1928 to 1933; at that time the accounting year began in October with the end of the harvest. The third plan (1938-1942) was interrupted in mid-1941 by World War II. Five-year planning began again with the fourth (1946-1960).
The main objectives of the Second Plan are an increase of 25 per cent in real national income over the five-year period 1956–57 to 1960–61; a large expansion of employment opportunities; rapid industrialization; and reduction of economic inequalities.
Stalin needed his allies to launch a full-scale invasion of western Europe to divert German forces from the Eastern Front. In other words, he was in desperate need of a Second Front.
The First Five-Year Plan was declared a success by Stalin in 1932, about 10 months earlier than planned, having exceeded the production goals for heavy industry. In spite of these declarations of success, the plan failed to meet all the quotas and had an enormous human toll.
The Second Five Year Plan was based on Mahalanobis Model. It was made from 1956 to 1961, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. Its main focus was on the industrial development of the country. P. C. Mahalanobis was a famous Indian statistician who founded the Indian statistical Institute.
Successes of the first five-year plan
Although many of the goals set by the plan were not fully met, there were several economic sectors that still saw large increases in their output. Areas like capital goods increased 158%, consumer goods increased by 87%, and total industrial output increased by 118%.
Fourth Five Year Plan:
This plan was a failure and achieved a growth rate of 3.3% only against the target of 5.7%. The liberation of Bangladesh and Influx of Bangladeshi refugees and successive failures of monsoon are the few problems that made this plan a failure.
The Plan was overall a great success: The national economy maintained a stable rate of growth. The average annual growth rate for industrial and agricultural products was 11%.
Major reasons responsible for the failure of the Third Five Year Plan of the Indian Economy were Chinese aggression against India during the third plan period. Tensions between both countries caused the devaluation of the Indian currency.
Second plan, 1932–1937
As was the case with the other five-year plans, the second was not as successful, failing to reach the recommended production levels in such areas as the coal and oil industries.
In 1928, Stalin launched his First Five-Year Plan to speed up the process of industrialisation in the Soviet Union so that it could compete with output levels in developed capitalist economies.
The purposes of the Five-Year Plan, as set forth by responsible officials at Moscow, are the creation of a more adequate industrial development in an industrially backward country and the introduction of more efficient methods of agriculture, including large-scale, highly mechanized farming on coöperative lines.
Were the five-year plans the best way to move the Soviet Union forward? Yes because it gave "impressive economic results" but left food shortages. What is propaganda and how was it used in the Soviet Union? How did the Treaty of Versailles trigger the May fourth movement?
Command Economy: Collectivization
Stalin's government also controlled the agricultural economy. The Five Year Plans used a policy called forced collectivization which was intended to increase agricultural output from large government-owned farms created through the integration of smaller private farms.
Planning attempts fail when they are not integrated into the day-to-day operations of the organization. Also, strategic plans without an implementation strategy are unlikely to be used. Sometimes planning fails because there is poor understanding. about the problem at hand & the planning steps or planning concepts.