Provide A Warm Environment Puppies cannot regulate their body temperature until they are 3 to 4 weeks old. Therefore, for the first 4 weeks of their lives, you should provide a warm, clean box or bedding for the mother and puppies to share. To keep the puppies warm, position a heating lamp above it.
A small box with blankets and a heating lamp is ideal. Keep the lamp at a fair distance so the environment does not overheat. A heating pad and blankets can also work, just make sure the heating pad is well-covered to prevent burns.
Whelping Tips for Breeders
Be sure the whelping box has adequate heat around 85 degrees, as puppies are not able to make their own body heat until they are 2 ½ weeks old. The whelping area should be clean and quiet and provide a comfortable, stress-free environment.
In mild weather, even newborn puppies can be taken out to your own garden or backyard, as long as they're supervised and confined to a small, safe area. Of course, nursing puppies would likely be taken out along with their mother and the rest of the litter.
The pups should be kept warm, free from drafts, away from other dogs, and the neighbors and their children. Healthy well-nourished pups should be quiet, eat and sleep (with some jerking during REM) 90% of the time, gain weight daily after the first 2 days, and show increasing strength and body tone.
After the birthing process, clean up the mother as much as possible without upsetting her using a warm water and washcloth. Do not use any soaps or disinfectants unless instructed to by your veterinarian. Remove any soiled newspaper or bedding from her whelping box.
By about three weeks of age, you can—and should! —begin gently handling the puppies1 for short periods for reasons other than basic health care. Once the puppies have their eyes open, you can try carefully picking them up, holding them for a bit, and placing them back in the box.
Under normal circumstances, neonatal puppies depend on their mom to maintain their body temperature. But your situation is far from normal. Without external heat, it doesn't take long for a puppy to become chilled (hypothermic).
Heat lamps can work for this purpose or choose a heating pad with an adjustable thermostat that's safe for pets. Be sure to talk with your vet for the recommended temperature setting that's right for your pups. When the puppies are born, begin by heating the whelping box to about 85°F to 90°F.
Most responsible breeders do not leave newborn puppies alone with the dam. There are many reasons why it's best to supervise the dam and her litter at all times. Inexperienced dams can quickly become overwhelmed by the new litter and not being present might cause you to miss signs of rejection.
Towels. Using old towels or even newly bought towels can still be a relatively cheap option for your choice of birthing bedding for your dog. Designed for high absorbency, these are great for catching and cleaning the various fluids during the birth.
Have a waterproof base. Be lined with bedding that is absorbent, can be cleaned (i.e., vetbeds, towels or a whelping pad) and doesn't slip easily when moved. Be safe and secure.
Tips for setting up a safe place for your dam:
Put the whelping box in a room that is isolated from other dogs. Many breeders set it up in their own bedrooms for the first three weeks. A door and/or gate should be used to keep other dogs away. An ex-pen around the whelping box provides an extra layer of safety.
Should you wake a newborn puppy to feed? Puppies over a month old can go 5-8 hours without feeding, so you can avoid waking them for a feeding. Smaller puppies need to eat every 2-4 hours. If they are underweight or crying, they may need to eat at night.
They should eat every two to three hours from the time you wake until you go to sleep. Thankfully, overnight feedings are usually not necessary if you stick to this schedule, and the frequency of feedings can be decreased gradually as the pup gets closer to four weeks of age.
If you're trying to prevent a puppy from chewing on things or having an accident at night, you can use a tether in your bedroom so they're free to move about in a small space but can't wander off while you're asleep. Puppies under 6 months of age shouldn't stay in a crate for more than three or four hours at a time.
Lining whelping boxes with appropriate materials is another important consideration. Although newspapers are cheap, puppies can become discolored by the newsprint, and as they grow, shred the papers making clean up harder. Towels or blankets can be used, however, there are disadvantages to their use.
Puppies typically lay side by side or on top of each other to share warmth. If the puppies are scattered throughout the whelping box and away from the heat lamp, the temperature is too warm. If they are all piled on top of each other, it may be too cold.
Newborn puppies sleep about 22 hours a day, so they're really not going to be experiencing much. They also cannot walk. They will try crawling around just a bit however they won't move far from mother at all. When not sleeping, a newborn will be eating.
Puppies have difficulty regulating their temperatures during the first four months of life and will likely cry if they're too cold.
A temperature below 94°F (34.3°C) can be life-threatening. Therefore, immediate action is necessary to provide the warmth the puppy needs to survive. A healthy newborn can usually survive hypothermia if re-warmed slowly.
A whelping box or whelping bed is a secure zone for your dog to give birth. It is a safe and ideal place for your pregnant dog to give birth. From reusable plastic whelping boxes to cardboard options, there are lots to choose from.
What makes mother dogs so… motherly? Once a dog gives birth to her puppies, two different hormones contribute to her motherly instincts. The first is oxytocin, sometimes called the “love hormone.” It's what drives a mother dog to nuzzle her puppies or wrap around them to keep them warm while nursing.
Around the end of the second week or the beginning of the third week, the puppies will open their eyes and become more active. Once they start to toddle about, you can move them to a larger pen with room to play, and bathroom cleanup will require more of your attention.
Week One of a puppy's life – feed, sleep, repeat
During this first week, all their energy will be devoted to sleeping and feeding so that they gain weight and become strong. It's a busy time for human helpers with sleepless nights on the cards to ensure that puppies and mums want for nothing.