Women suffer higher heart attack deaths compared to men. Depression and anxiety exhibit more frequently among female patients. Urinary tract conditions present more often in females, and sexually transmitted diseases can cause more harm to women.
Osteoporosis. Nearly 80% of the estimated 10 million Americans who have osteoporosis are female. Why: Women start out with thinner, smaller bones and less bone tissue than men. Through most of their lives, women's bones are protected by estrogen, which may block a substance that kills bone cells.
The larger number of genes originating from the X chromosome creates a far greater possibility of a larger number of mutations occurring. This puts women at a greater risk for the development of autoimmune diseases solely due to women having two X chromosomes, whereas men possess only one.
Major life transitions such as pregnancy, motherhood and menopause can create physical and emotional stresses for women. Negative life experiences – infertility and perinatal loss, poverty, discrimination, violence, unemployment and isolation – also impact on women's mental health and wellbeing.
Women typically have stronger immune responses to self and foreign antigens than men, resulting in sex-based differences in autoimmunity and infectious diseases. In both animals and humans, males are generally more susceptible than females to bacterial infections.
Turner syndrome is a female-only genetic disorder that affects about 1 in every 2,000 baby girls. A girl with Turner syndrome only has 1 normal X sex chromosome, rather than the usual 2. This chromosome variation happens randomly when the baby is conceived in the womb.
However, when it comes to health, men are biologically weaker. Men are more likely to experience chronic health conditions earlier than women and have shorter lives. In almost all countries around the world, women outlive men.
Many people think there are only two STDs - syphilis and gonorrhea. In fact, there are many other diseases that can be spread through sexual contact, including herpes, chlamydia, genital warts, vaginitis, viral hepatitis and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS).
Women around the world report higher levels of life satisfaction than men, but at the same time report more daily stress. And while this finding holds across countries on average, it does not hold in countries where gender rights are compromised, as in much of the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
In general male skin is thicker, oilier and ages differently. Male skin is, on average, approximately 20% thicker than female skin. It contains more collagen and has a tighter, firmer appearance.
Female genetic superiority: when it comes to survival, two X chromosomes beat an X and a Y. In his new book 'Better Half', Dr. Sharon Moalem explains the survival advantage that allows women to better overcome biological challenges throughout their lives than men.
Genetics. ADHD tends to run in families and, in most cases, it's thought the genes you inherit from your parents are a significant factor in developing the condition. Research shows that parents and siblings of someone with ADHD are more likely to have ADHD themselves.
It's all about Dad's genes
That's with the assumption, though, that the man's sperm carries equal numbers of X and Y chromosomes. A man's X and a woman's X combine to become a girl, and a man's Y combines with a woman's X to become a boy.
Typically, biologically female individuals have two X chromosomes (XX) while those who are biologically male have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). However, there are exceptions to this rule. Biologically female people inherit an X chromosome from their father, and the other X chromosome from their mother.
"Estrogen boosts the immune system, which makes it easier for women to recover more quickly and may even help take the edge off of symptoms. The male hormone testosterone, on the other hand, suppresses the immune system and makes for a longer-lasting, more severe illness.”
Research has repeatedly shown that women have a stronger immune response to infections than men. Studies from as early as the 1940s have elucidated that women possess an enhanced capability of producing antibodies.
Sex and gender interact in complex ways to affect health outcomes. Sex can affect disease risk, progression and outcomes through genetic (e.g. function of X and Y chromosomes), cellular and physiological, including hormonal, pathways.
For example, due to their brain's wiring, women report higher levels of empathy and emotional understanding than men. These qualities, while generally positive, are closely tied to worsening depression, anxiety, and trauma. Women also have different experiences than men, as they walk through life.
A new study of wild mammals has found considerable differences in life span and aging in various mammalian species. Among humans, women's life span is almost 8% on average longer than men's life span.
In most mammals, including humans, males are larger than females and thus often considered dominant over females.