There are multiple reasons a plane can break up in mid-air, according to Landsberg, including over stress, turbulence, aircraft fatigue and corrosion.
Not every airplane explosion is deliberate, however. TWA Flight 800 broke apart in midair in 1996 after a fuel tank explosion that weakened the plane's structure.
Wreckage from the crash of two airplanes mid-air is visible at Lake Hartridge in Winter Haven. The pilots of two small airplanes that collided mid-air in Florida Tuesday may not have been aware that the other was nearby when they crashed into each other, according to an air safety inspector.
Turbulence, which causes planes to suddenly jolt while in flight, is considered a fairly normal occurrence and nothing to fear. The movement is caused by "atmospheric pressure, jet streams, air around mountains, cold or warm weather fronts, or thunderstorms," according to The Federal Aviation Administration.
Virtually all jet-powered aircraft have an air brake or, in the case of most airliners, lift spoilers that also act as air brakes.
Wing Spoilers
Pilots can raise the spoilers to decelerate the airplane as it approaches the runway. And even while on the runway, pilots will typically leave the wing spoilers raised. Raised wing spoilers create drag, which essentially slows down the airplane so that it's able to brake more quickly.
The odds of a plane crashing are not common – at least not nowadays. A rough estimate of the probability of an airplane going down due to an emergency is about 1 in 11 million, meaning it would take us quite a few lifetimes before actually experiencing a plane crash.
While turbulence can feel scary, airplanes are designed to withstand massive amounts of it. "A plane cannot be flipped upside-down, thrown into a tailspin, or otherwise flung from the sky by even the mightiest gust or air pocket," wrote pilot Patrick Smith on his site, AskThePilot.com.
Severe turbulence can cause a plane to drop so suddenly that pilots temporarily lose control.
“Turbulence is serious if you are not tethered down in the airplane. It's serious from an internal perspective but it's not harmful to the airplane. So, when people get frightened in turbulence, as long as they're buckled, and there's nothing around them that's going to fly around,” they are safe, explains Kiernan.
But some scientists have tried - and succeeded! Two experimental planes - SpaceShipOne and the North American X-15 - have crossed the internationally recognized boundary into space. These planes flew using rockets, instead of jets, meaning they burned liquid fuel instead of air.
The window is replaced. Then the plane returns to service. It's not very exciting. A broken window is not usually "removed" because the window has multiple layers.
There have been a number of cases in which planes have fallen from the sky — from factors that include catastrophic failure and sabotage.
A jet was forced to make an emergency landing at Tampa International Airport after it lost part of its wing in the air. Officials at Tampa International Airport said a Cessna Citation was at 27,000 feet near St. Petersburg when the pilot lost the left winglet and part of the wing.
“It's not the least bit uncommon for jets to descend at what a pilot calls 'flight idle,' with the engines run back to a zero-thrust condition,” he wrote. “They're still operating and powering crucial systems, but providing no push. You've been gliding many times without knowing it.
All planes are designed to fly through thunderstorms and have to comply with safety regulations. A rainstorm is unlikely to cause damage to the aircraft. The only danger of flying during bad weather is the risk of freezing rain, but in this case, your plane will most likely be delayed until the storm passes.
Turbulence is a sudden and sometimes violent shift in airflow. Those irregular motions in the atmosphere create air currents that can cause passengers on an airplane to experience annoying bumps during a flight, or it can be severe enough to throw an airplane out of control. "(The pilots) aren't scared at all.
Sometimes it's unavoidable to fly through light and moderate turbulence, but rest assured your pilots are working to find smooth air. If they encounter severe or extreme turbulence not forecasted, pilots will quickly climb or descend to a safe and smooth altitude.”
Can turbulence be severe enough to cause a jet engine to break off a wing? From a practical point, no, a modern airliner will not lose a wing due to turbulence. Modern airlines are very tough and designed to withstand extreme turbulence.
The recommendation is to keep autopilot ON during a turbulence encounter. A pilot may be tempted to “fight against turbulence” when manually flying the aircraft and may overreact to sudden changes in the trajectory in some cases.
The most important thing to know is that turbulence isn't dangerous. It might be a bit uncomfortable, but your plane is built to handle the worst. Even in the most severe turbulence, your plane isn't moving nearly as much as you think!
Although turbulence occurs in both large and small planes, it is typically worse in smaller planes because they weigh less, and so more likely to move in line with the air and thus feel turbulence more.
In the middle, at the back
Nonetheless, a TIME investigation that looked at 35 years of aircraft accident data found the middle rear seats of an aircraft had the lowest fatality rate: 28%, compared with 44% for the middle aisle seats. This logically makes sense too.
The middle seat in the final seat is your safest bet
The middle rear seats of an aircraft had the lowest fatality rate: 28%, compared to 44% for the middle aisle seats, according to a TIME investigation that examined 35 years' worth of aircraft accident data. This also makes logical sense.