All vessels traveling on the surface of the water must contend with this. The shape of the bow has an impact. A sharp angle bow or a bulbous bow can reduce wave drag. But the blunt bow of a submarine, which helps reduce skin drag submerged, increases wave drag.
This is because round shaped things tend to be stronger than angular frames. Similar logic applies to submarines, with most of the body being cylindrical with a curved bow. Modern submarines typically have two hulls, a pressure hull and a light hull.
Ectopic pregnancies, which are not statistically rare, would create additional emergencies requiring immediate, extremely hazardous, evacuations, sometimes in midocean. Britain, Canada and the U.S. Navy do not put women on submarines primarily because of these irresolvable health risks and operational complications.
There are a few reasons. The bulbous shape is good for laminar flow. Additionally, one has to think about surface drag as the submarine moves through the water. A long, pointy nose has more surface area therefore more drag.
The pressure hull of a submarine is usually cylindrical and possesses a low freeboard when in the water, which makes walking on the hull when on the surface dangerous in high seas or rough weather. The casing provides a flat and therefore safer platform for personnel to walk on.
Tank contents would then have to be discharged through the sewage overboard hull valve, in biological terms the submarine's anal orifice.
Herring Gull
Scientists and navy men worked desperately to come up with a way to detect enemy subs. One such scheme emerged from the British Board of Invention and Research in 1915. It involved feeding wild gulls from a dummy periscope, in the hope that the birds would come to associate submarines with a free meal.
Common weapons for attacking submarines include torpedoes and naval mines, which can both be launched from an array of air, surface, and underwater platforms.
In the 1980s, some 30 U.S. Navy submarines were damaged by cookiecutter shark bites, mostly to the rubber-sheathed electric cable leading to the sounding probe used to ensure safety when surfacing in shipping zones.
Shipbuilders of the early years of shipping would use a copper coating as a biocide, to prevent organotins from sticking on the vessel's hull. That copper coating was responsible for the ship's red color. In the 21st century, it is more than obvious that antifouling coatings can be mixed with any color.
The showers on a submarine are set up much like the ones in your home, well kind of. They have hot and cold water access with a recirculation pump so that the water stays hot so that you can use it quickly and efficiently by minimising water usage. Reducing water usage is a constant major driver for submariners.
In the enclosed atmosphere of the submarine, these pollutants can build up and pose a health risk. Therefore, aerosol cans (such as hair spray, shave cream, spray deodorant) are not authorized to be brought on board.
The aim is to evade discovery by passive sonar by eliminating superfluous noise: nonessential systems are shut down, the crew is urged to rest and refrain from making any unnecessary sound, and speed is greatly reduced to minimize propeller noise.
No, it will be fine. Pressure inside the submarine is well controlled and essentially the same as regular atmospheric pressure.
Submariners may be bearded, clean-shaven, or "patrol-bearded", growing a beard for the time of a patrol in reminiscence of the time of the diesel submarines whose cramped space allowed for rustic and minimal personal care.
Submarines are painted black to help them hide, as it is essential for submarines to hide while doing their job. The black color has proven to best help the submarine hide in the ocean.
The ocean could be affected by high tsunami and/or pressure waves in the case of a large asteroid or comet impact. Most current submarines can survive at a depth of 400 m, so they might survive long pressure spikes created by the waves above them as high as 200–400 m, but not kilometer size waves.
Most submarines have a distillation apparatus that can take in seawater and produce fresh water. The distillation plant heats the seawater to water vapor, which removes the salts, and then cools the water vapor into a collecting tank of fresh water.
When not engaged in combat, attack submarines patrol the open ocean or a “forward area“—for the United States this commonly includes the Persian Gulf, the Mediterranean, the Western Pacific, the Soviet Arctic, and the Sea of Okhotsk. Patrols usually last for 30 to 60 days.
Waste that is discharged overboard must either be pumped out against the ambient sea pressure or blown out using pressurized air. Waste materials are collected and periodically discharged.
But diesel-electric submarines had two major weaknesses: when they were submerged they travelled quite slowly on battery power; and they needed to surface to allow the diesel engines to recharge the batteries. (Nuclear submarines have neither of these weaknesses, which is why they are so useful as warships.)
The Vertical Launch Antisubmarine (VLA) missile is the only operational anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon that effectively satisfies the surface ship ASW mission. The VLA's stand-off range and lightweight torpedo payload make it equally effective in littoral and open- ocean operations.
Most of the time, ships use passive sonar, essentially listening to the ocean. But active sonar, which bounces high-intensity sound off an object, is more accurate. The Navy's own studies have shown the impact active sonar has on marine mammals. Even large blue whales will turn away from ships using it.
During WWII, many submarines carried dogs or cats as mascots. Dogs could serve a practical function, leading patrols onto foreign shores to search for food and barking a warning if there was danger. Cats have served as pest control on ships for centuries.