Grounding ensures electrical continuity between the aircraft and the earth. Static electricity resulting from the flight or the environmental conditions on ground (wind with dust, sand, etc...) is discharged to the earth through the tires.
It is mandatory to bond the aircraft to the refueling vehicle/device before connecting the refueling hose. One of the aircraft grounding (earthing) points must be used to connect the bonding cable. Depending on the aircraft type, locate the grounding (earthing) points: On the Nose Landing Gear (NLG).
Grounding is essential to creating a safe environment when using high-powered electrical devices. If a device malfunctions and begins drawing a dangerous amount of current, grounding allows the circuit to safely dissipate the excess charge.
Prior to fuel servicing, the aircraft and the fuel dispensing equipment shall be grounded to one or more points of zero electrical potential to prevent the possibility of static ignition of volatile liquids.
A. Ground airplane and fueling trucks. WARNING: AIPPLANE AND FUEL TRUCK SH0ULD BE PROPERLY GROUNDED BEFORE ANY FUELING OPERATION TO PREVENT THE POSSIBILITY OF FIRE OR EXPLOSION DUE TO DISCHARGE OF STATIC ELECTRICITY.
The primary risk is unintended ignition of fuel vapour, which can occur by a single spark. A sufficient quantity of fuel vapour to create a high risk of ignition may result from spillage arising from procedural errors, leaks, aircraft tank venting or failure of pressurized fuel lines or their couplings.
Tanks and Vessels
Ground the shell of tanks that contain flammable products and those without flammable products but located in a hazardous area. Grounding the shell drains the outside charge but does not remove the chance of sparking inside the tank.
Even more important, ground operations are about preparing aircraft for departure in such a way that the subsequent flight will be safe; for example, correct loading of cargo and baggage, sufficient and verified fuel of adequate quantity and quality and the correct use of ground deicing and anti-icing facilities, where ...
Although ground effect makes it difficult to control the aircraft, it also has a positive side: induced drag is significantly reduced, making the aircraft much more efficient.
Refuelling vehicles and equipment shall be positioned in such a way that: - the aircraft settling from the fuel load will not impinge on the equipment underneath; - an exit path is kept clear from the aircraft to allow for a quick departure for refuelling vehicles and equipment in the event of an emergency; - they ...
An aircraft requiring modification or repair may be 'grounded' until the necessary work has been completed and the aircraft is once again fit for flight.
On airplanes there are two issues: Static charges built up in the airframe in flight. For this it is essential to ground the aircraft before the fuel nozzle is brought to the tank inlet.
Establish A Good Engine Ground
In most aircraft, you do this by connecting one end of a heavy cable, or metal grounding strap, to some conveniently located bolt on the engine crankcase. The other end of the grounding strap should terminate on some solid part of the aircraft's firewall structure.
Definition. Ground Effect is the name given to the positive influence on the lifting characteristics of the horizontal surfaces of an aircraft wing when it is close to the ground. This effect is a consequence of the distortion of the airflow below such surfaces attributable to the proximity of the ground.
An aircraft leaving ground effect after takeoff encounters just the reverse of an aircraft entering ground effect during landing. The aircraft leaving ground effect will: Require an increase in AOA to maintain the same CL. Experience an increase in induced drag and thrust required.
Ground Effect is the name given to the positive influence on the lifting characteristics of the horizontal surfaces of an aircraft wing when it is close to the ground. This effect is a consequence of the distortion of the airflow below such surfaces attributable to the proximity of the ground.
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem? Inability to get airborne even though airspeed is sufficient for normal takeoff needs.
Wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vessels are 50%+ more energy efficient than similar-sized aircraft and 10x faster than conventional boats. Flying Ships combine cutting-edge developments in autonomy with commercial-off-the-shelf materials, systems, and technology to provide the first-ever unmanned WIG delivery vessels.
One important side effect of stability is that it allows for a degree of 'inattention' even without an autopilot being engaged. If the pilot releases the controls for a short period of time, stability will help keep an aircraft in the state which it was left in.
While preparing the aircraft, crew and flight plan are the most visible parts, ground handling is also vital for smooth operations. There are many different areas of ground serving and handling to consider and various ways to source these deepening on your operations and locations.
It is there to ensure that the aircraft get to their destination(eg Runway, gate, an another part of the airport) as efficiently as possible, with the minimal of delay, while making sure that they don't affect each other.
Grounding is beneficial when the tanks are placed in both hazardous as well as non-hazardous areas. Grounding drains away the static charges to prevent incidents of fire at the sites where tanks are placed. The whole process is aided by the increased humidity of the conductive plates.
In addition to direct collisions, oil tanker explosions are caused by faulty fuel tanks, tanks that are overweight, bad muffler systems that ignite and a myriad of other reasons.
Without Proper Grounding – When loading dry bulk or liquid products, moving material creates friction and an electrostatic charge builds on the vehicle's surface. This buildup increases the risk of a static spark and ignition source.
Refuelling can be a hazardous activity. The hazards are greater when highly flammable fuels such as petrol are being dispensed, because petrol releases flammable vapours that expand into the atmosphere.