Like other postwar developing countries, China tread a common path, high birth rates coupled with low death rates, to create a rapid rate of natural population growth.
Overpopulation in China began after World War II in 1949, when Chinese families were encouraged to have as many children as possible in hopes of bringing more money to the country, building a better army, and producing more food.
Since the United Nations began keeping records of national populations in the 1950, China has boasted the largest population of any country in the world.
China has the largest population because it has the largest arable land that has been consistently developed for such a long time. That's pretty much it. And no more complicated.
Australia has one of the lowest population densities in the world. With a low population of 23 million and a land area of over 7.6 million km² its density is around 3 people per km². This is very low compared to the Monoco, the most densely populated area in the world with 26150 people per km².
As a result, China's population nearly doubled in 30 years. Then in 1979, to curb population growth and ease environmental and natural resource challenges, the Chinese government introduced the “one-child policy,” limiting most couples in the country to just one child.
Causes of China's Economic Growth
Economic reforms led to higher efficiency in the economy, which boosted output and increased resources for additional investment in the economy.
China's population reached 1 billion in late 1981.
China has had the largest population in the world since at least 1950, when the UN started keeping records. But it is now projected to experience an absolute decline in its population beginning as early as 2023.
Australia's population density is low because most of the country's interior is desert (also known as the outback) and presents extremely difficult living conditions.
China has the world's largest population (1.426 billion), but India (1.417 billion) is expected to claim this title next year. The next five most populous nations – the United States, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria and Brazil – together have fewer people than India or China.
China has been struggling with their large population issue, but has had “dramatic economic growth”. Western Europeans and North American countries are only having one to three percent growth annually, whereas China is experiencing seven to ten percent. There is no ideal population for a certain country in the world.
"China will be unable to surpass the U.S. economically, even after 2036," JCER said, due to slower productivity gains coupled with labor shortages. The Communist Party of China has set two long-term targets for 2035 and the middle of this century in amendments to the constitution made in October.
The authorities imposed a one-child policy from 1980 to 2015, later switching to a three-child policy, acknowledging the nation is on the brink of a demographic downturn. Its fertility rate of 1.16 in 2021 was below the 2.1 OECD standard for a stable population and among the lowest in the world.
From 2020 to 2050, the highest drop in population, 22.5%, will be recorded in Bulgaria. Lithuania follows with a 22.1% projected decline for the same period and Latvia ranks third with 21.6%. There are several reasons why Eastern European countries lead the list of countries with the quickest decline in populations.
Gender imbalance
While the difference of gender at birth has been decreasing in the country over the past decade, China still boasts the world's most skewed sex ratio at birth at around 110 males born for every 100 females as of 2021. That means there are about 34 million.
India is so densely populated because most places in India have natural resources that sustain agriculture and industries. The availability of water and the number of cities have also contributed to population growth.
Sadia Sultana Oishee, an 11-year-old from Bangladesh, who is the seventh-billionth child in the world, is aware of her fame. She was born in 2011, and according to her parents, her birth was nothing short of an event, with politicians and television crews swarming around her mother to get a look at her.
For the past few decades, India's economy has not grown as fast as it could, or as fast as China's. Much of this is because of the economic policies of the Indira Gandhi government and the fact that India shied away from a manufacturing-based economy for a long time, instead focusing on a white-collar services sector.
Since China began to open up and reform its economy in 1978, GDP growth has averaged over 9 percent a year, and more than 800 million people have lifted themselves out of poverty. There have also been significant improvements in access to health, education, and other services over the same period.
China's economy has grown to one of the largest and most powerful in the world over the past few decades. Driven by industrial production and manufacturing exports, China's GDP is actually now the largest in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) equivalence.
A two child policy has previously been used in several countries including Iran, Singapore, and Vietnam. In British Hong Kong in the 1970s, citizens were also highly encouraged to have two children as a limit (although it was not mandated by law), and it was used as part of the region's family planning strategies.
The fine is so-called "social maintenance fee" and it is the punishment for the families who have more than one child. According to the policy, the families who violate the law may bring the burden to the whole society. Therefore, the social maintenance fee will be used for the operation of the basic government.
Three-child policy (Chinese: 三孩政策; pinyin: Sānhái Zhèngcè), whereby a couple can have three children, was a family planning policy in the People's Republic of China.
The United States enjoys overwhelming advantages over China. The United States outweighs China in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), technology, and military spending.