For the queen in any colony, their life may span up to around 15 years, while the worker ants live for roughly 7 years. This is, of course, if they can avoid predators and other dangers. For a reproductive male – one of the flying ant types – the lifespan is much shorter at around only 2 weeks.
The queen is responsible for reproduction, while workers maintain the colony—caring for the young, foraging and hunting for food, cleaning, and defending the nest. In many insect societies, when the queen dies, the entire colony dies along with her due to the lack of reproduction.
Queen ants can produce about 800 eggs per day. A “mature” colony can contain more than 200,000 ants along with the developmental and adult stages of winged black-colored male and reddish-brown female reproductives.
New queens need solitude while already established ones need the company of workers. Newly mated queens are easy to care for. They simply need to be kept dark and with a source of water.
Ants adhere to a caste system, and at the top is the queen. She's born with wings and referred to as a princess until she takes part in the nuptial flight, mates with a male ant, and flies off to start her own colony.
A female ant's fate to become a worker or queen is mainly determined by diet, not genetics. Any female ant larva can become the queen – those that do receive diets richer in protein. The other larvae receive less protein, which causes them to develop as workers.
The team found switching the expression of just a single protein, Kr-h1, in the brains of ants is enough to elevate an ant from worker to queen. Kr-h1's responds to two hormones: one found more in workers, and one found in greater abundance in queens.
Since the queen ant stays hidden inside the colony for her entire life, she can only really die from two causes: worker ants or humans. Worker ants will kill off multiple queens but sometimes go too far and accidentally kill all the queens.
So, what happens when a queen ant dies? The answer is straightforward, the colony will eventually die as well. Ants don't flee to another territory or nest if their queen passes away.
A colony of ants can contain more than one queen, but this depends on what species it is. Queen ants are usually the biggest ants in the colony.
Ant colonies have a caste system, where responsibilities are divided in a systemic hierarchical order. As with human society, the typical ant hierarchy system comprises a queen, males, and workers with specific roles. But in contrast, there is no such thing as the king ant, as is mostly the case in human royal setups.
The mating flights occur simultaneously in all ant nests of the particular species. The female "queen" ants will fly a long distance, during which they will mate with at least one winged male from another nest. He transfers sperm to the seminal receptacle of the queen and then dies.
A recent study of ants' sleep cycle found that the average worker ant takes approximately 250 naps each day, with each one lasting just over a minute. That adds up to 4 hours and 48 minutes of sleep per day. The research also found that 80 percent of the ant workforce was awake and active at any one time.
Turns out ants don't really mourn or grieve or even have graveyards for the same reasons we as humans do. It all comes down to chemicals and smells and pheromones.
Queen Ants and Humans
Certain species of ants are equipped with a stinger and defense mechanisms, and if the queen ant feels her brood is threatened she may retaliate with a bite or sting.
Can A Queen Ant Be Replaced? In colonies that belong to species with one ant queen per colony, an ant queen can not be replaced. If she dies, the colony will continue until the remaining ants die from predators or old age.
It is advised not to squash ants, doing so will only release pheromones and trigger more ants to come to the location and cause more trouble to you and your family. Ants are known to pack a deadly bite that causes excruciating pain for a short time.
Unlike in human monarchies, however, the queen ant doesn't exactly “rule” her subjects. She doesn't bark orders or threaten, “off with their heads!” if they disobey. Instead, the real power behind the throne is none other than ants' natural instincts.
Their nests are as deep as about 4 meters and have many small chambers constructed alongside galleries. Most chambers are filled with seeds on which the Messor aciculatus ants are feeding. Far under the earth's surface, there is a chamber for the queen ant.
Worker ants are wingless, sterile females. They protect the queen by defending the nest from intruders, by feeding the queen only food that the workers or larvae have eaten first, and by moving the queen from danger.
Ants transport their dead there in order to protect themselves and their queen from contamination. This behavior has to do with the way ants communicate with each other via chemicals. When an ant dies, its body releases a chemical called oleic acid.
Even though the worker ants are female, the queen is the only ant that can lay eggs. They have highly evolved social systems with three different castes ~ queens, males, and workers. The workers are female, but cannot reproduce. Most of the eggs the queen lays hatch into workers.
Queens can live for over 10 years and spend most of their lives in their nest. New queens, however, will leave to mate and found a colony of their own. This 'nuptial flight' is why ants fly. Ants mate during flight, so males and young queens both have wings.
The World's Largest Living Ant Is 2 Inches Long
The largest ant you can meet today is the queen driver ant. She can grow up to nearly 2 inches long, though you're more likely to encounter the much smaller worker and soldier driver ants. The other ants in the hierarchy don't get much longer than 0.6 inches.