Plutonium is an extremely rare element in the Earth's crust. It is so rare that for many years it was thought that it did not occur naturally. The main source of plutonium is from the use of uranium-238 in nuclear reactors. Large quantities are produced each year by this process.
The reason that plutonium (and other transuranic elements) are so rare in nature is that being radioactive, they decay with a characteristic half-life.
Plutonium is a radioactive element that can be used for research and nuclear applications. It's worth about $4,000 per gram (although you can expect various regulatory agencies to take a close look at you if you start accumulating it).
As of the beginning of 2022, the global stockpile of unirradiated highly enriched uranium (HEU) was estimated to be about 1250 metric tons. Most of this material - about 1,100 metric tons - is in weapons or available for use in weapon programs. The global stockpile of separated plutonium was about 550 tons.
Since the energy per fission from plutonium-239 and uranium-235 is about the same, the theoretical fuel value of fissile plutonium can be put at $5,600 per kilogram. Reactor-grade plutonium also contains non-fissile isotopes, reducing its value to about $4,400 per kilogram.
12 kWh from 1 kg of mineral oil and around 24,000,000 kWh from 1 kg of uranium-235. Related to one kilogram, uranium-235 contains two to three million times the energy. The unit of energy is th... equivalent of oil or coal.
The International Atomic Energy Agency assumes eight kilograms (kg) is enough plutonium for a first-generation nuclear bomb, but advanced weapons programs can use as little as 3.5 kg.
Plutonium is an extremely rare element in the Earth's crust. It is so rare that for many years it was thought that it did not occur naturally. The main source of plutonium is from the use of uranium-238 in nuclear reactors.
Pu-242, (half-life 374,000 years, alpha decay to U-238) (Periodic tables show an atomic mass of 244 for plutonium, suggesting Pu-244 as the most stable isotope with the longest half-life – 82 million years.
Plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU)—known as weapons usable material-are considered to pose the greatest proliferation risk because they are used to produce nuclear weapons.
Astatine is a chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.
NASA has about 77 pounds of plutonium-238 left right now. Because of its half life, the older it gets, the more it decays. So even when they're not using any of it, their stockpile is slowly being depleted.
The least expensive elements are Carbon, Sulphur, and Chlorine which are cheap by their mass. Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Chlorine are the least expensive elements by their volume in the atmospheric pressure.
HAZARD SUMMARY
* Uranium emits radioactive particles which can be breathed in, swallowed or can penetrate the skin. * Uranium is a CARCINOGEN--HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * Uranium can irritate the skin and cause a skin rash.
Mastick is perhaps best known for an accident that occurred while he was working in Los Alamos. On August 1, 1944, Mastick accidentally swallowed a small amount of plutonium when the vial he was using exploded in the laboratory. Afterwards, Mastick was tasked with recovering the plutonium he had ingested.
A: Plutonium is, in fact, a metal very like uranium. If you hold it [in] your hand (and I've held tons of it my hand, a pound or two at a time), it's heavy, like lead. It's toxic, like lead or arsenic, but not much more so.
The largest stocks of unirradiated plutonium are in Britain, France, Japan, and Russia.
Because it emits alpha particles, plutonium is most dangerous when inhaled. When plutonium particles are inhaled, they lodge in the lung tissue. The alpha particles can kill lung cells, which causes scarring of the lungs, leading to further lung disease and cancer.
There is around 40 trillion tons of uranium in Earth's crust, but most is distributed at low parts per million trace concentration over its 3×1019 ton mass. Estimates of the amount concentrated into ores affordable to extract for under $130 per kg can be less than a millionth of that total.
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Ununtrium is much more potentially dangerous as it's atomic weight is 286U, in its most stable form Ununtrium-286 has a half-life of just 20 seconds.
hundreds of thousands of dollars per kilogram – and ten(or more) times more expensive than gold. Making a nuclear bomb requires at least four kilograms of plutonium, the raw materials for such weapons cost over a million dollars.
When the United States and Russia shuttered their nuclear weapons programs in the 1980s, the world stopped producing plutonium-238. Not surprisingly, plutonium-238 is expensive to make – very expensive. One pound of plutonium-238 costs about $4 million to make.
One gram of plutonium is equal to one metric ton of oil
Of the 96% of recoverable materials, plutonium, representing 1%, has considerable energy potential. One gram of plutonium can produce as much energy as 100 g of uranium or 1 metric ton of oil.
Hence, plutonium is more dangerous than uranium.