Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death.
Labor dystocia (LD) caused by fetal malposition, inadequate contractions, poor maternal efforts, or true cephalopelvic disproportion. [3] Management of LD can significantly affect the outcome of the delivery process.
“Labor dystocia” (difficult or obstructed labor)2 encompasses a variety of concepts, ranging from “abnormally” slow dilation of the cervix or descent of the fetus during active labor3 to entrapment of the fetal shoulders after delivery of the head (“shoulder dystocia,” an obstetric emergency).
Clinical signs of dystocia include depression, weakness, restlessness, and abnormal fetal position, which may be observed as a tail or limb in the pelvic canal.
Summary. Labor dystocia is a term used to describe abnormally slow labor. This can be due to a variety of reasons and can occur in the first or second stages of labor. There are a number of risk factors for labor dystocia, including first-time pregnancy, advanced maternal age, and high BMI.
Dystocia is common in nulliparous women and is responsible for more than 50 percent of primary cesarean deliveries.
Dystocia of fetal origin is generally caused by fetomaternal disproportion (large fetus), fetal abnormalities, or abnormal presentation, position, or posture.
Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency in which normal traction on the fetal head does not lead to delivery of the shoulders. This can cause neonatal brachial plexus injuries, hypoxia, and maternal trauma, including damage to the bladder, anal sphincter, and rectum, and postpartum hemorrhage.
Prolonged labor may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal infection, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, uterine rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage; it may also be a marker for an increased risk of maternal pelvic floor and genital trauma during delivery (with a subsequent increase risk for future incontinence and ...
Diagnosis is by examination, ultrasonography, or response to augmentation of labor. Treatment is with physical maneuvers to reposition the fetus, operative vaginal delivery. Indications for forceps delivery... read more , or cesarean delivery. Up to 30% of deliveries in the US are cesarean.
Effective measures for preventing dystocia and subsequent cesarean delivery include avoiding admission during latent labor, providing cervical ripening agents for induction in patients with an unfavorable cervix, encouraging the use of continuous labor support (e.g., a doula), walking or upright positioning in the ...
Amniotomy plus oxytocin decreases duration of labor without increasing cesarean delivery rates. Emotional support interventions may reduce cesarean deliveries and instrumental deliveries. Much of the evidence on different interventions came from studies performed outside the United States.
In this course, you will learn about the five “P”s of labor (passenger, passage, powers, placenta, and psychology) and how they relate to the birthing process.
Effective measures for preventing dystocia and subsequent cesarean delivery include avoiding admission during latent labor, providing cervical ripening agents for induction in patients with an unfavorable cervix, encouraging the use of continuous labor support (e.g., a doula), walking or upright positioning in the ...
The principal causes of dystocia are related to the 4 Ps: power, passenger, passage, and psyche.
In general, anxiety, or nervousness in pregnant women increases the risk of dystocia.
Conclusion: Dystocia is a complex disorder of poor uterine action that is influenced by a significant genetic component as well as environmental factors.
Thus, abnormal labor alerts the obstetrician to consider alternative methods for a successful delivery that minimize risks to both the mother and the infant. Dystocia of labor is defined as difficult labor or abnormally slow progress of labor.
Criteria for diagnosing dystocia include obvious malposition, abnormally prolonged gestation, and abnormally prolonged whelping or queening duration. Dystocia is diagnosed when there has been an attempt with obstetric manipulation to assist with a vaginal delivery.
Exercise. Cows need to be in shape come calving season, so providing adequate exercise before calving improves their physical strength. Feeding cows in a loafing pasture and providing water a quarter-mile away is a good distance for cows to travel daily.
Maternal complications of shoulder dystocia include post-partum hemorrhage, vaginal lacerations, anal tears, and uterine rupture. The psychological stress impact of shoulder dystocia is under-recognized and deserves counseling prior to home discharge.
Dystocia is a common disorder which can mean any type of difficult birth in dogs. There are several types of dystocia that can happen at any stage of labor and delivery. All of these difficulties are dangerous enough to be life threatening to the birthing canine and her pups.
A pregnancy lasting more than 68 days is considered abnormal. Breeds of dogs that commonly experience dystocia include bulldogs, pugs and Boston terriers. In addition, it is more common for a dog to experience dystocia during the first pregnancy. Cats usually do not develop dystocia.
The most common complication of shoulder dystocia in your baby is brachial plexus palsy. The brachial plexus nerves run from your baby's spinal cord in their neck through their arm.
The use of the lateral position, or even squatting or kneeling on hands and knees should be considered for deliveries in which there is a high risk of shoulder dystocia.