The infamous “serial killer gene” is the monoamine oxidase-A gene, also known as the MAO-A gene or the warrior gene. It codes for an enzyme that metabolizes neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin.
They found it in Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA), which has been credited with being the “most common denominator” amongst serial killers.
In the world of Riverdale, MAOA and CDH13 are the serial killer genes. Good. Fine. But even if Betty has them, as proven in the show by the fact that Hal, a serial killer, doesn't have them, again correlation does not equal causation.
The MAOA gene codes for the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A which plays a key role in the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Individuals with defects in the MAOA gene that are associated with a low dopamine turnover rate have been shown to be more prone to aggressive behavior than their counterparts.
Bundy had several psychological and biological dispositions, and the MAOA gene can be concluded as one of them. One his biggest problem was that he was raised by his grandparents on the belief that his mother was his sister (Biography, 2015). Bundy began his criminal career when he was 28 years old.
First things first: are the MAOA and CDH13 genes even real? Actually yes! According to the Genetics Home Reference, MAOA is an enzyme that breaks down molecules called monoamines. Included in those monoamines are chemicals that act as neurotransmitters, like serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
The series does not get it all right, though. For one thing, in real life, everyone actually has the MAOA and CDH13 genes. The phrasing Riverdale should have used instead is that Betty has a specific mutation of these genes that may affect her mood.
CDH13 (Cadherin 13) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CDH13 include Vater/Vacterl Association and Vacterl Association. Among its related pathways are Cell junction organization and ERK Signaling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include calcium ion binding and cadherin binding.
Cadherin-13 is a critical regulator of GABAergic modulation in human stem-cell-derived neuronal networks. A Common CDH13 Variant Is Associated with Low Agreeableness and Neural Responses to Working Memory Tasks in ADHD.
Myth 1: The MAOA “warrior gene” is rare
The alleles connected with aggression are carried by approximately 33% of the population, so if it's just the MAOA genetic variant that makes us “warriors,” then there are lots of warriors running around out there.
Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) has earned the nickname “warrior gene” because it has been linked to aggression in observational and survey-based studies.
Several studies have found differences in the frequency distribution of variants of the MAOA promoter repeat between ethnic groups: 52-59% of African American men, 48-62% of Chinese men, 62% of Maori men, 57% of Japanese men, and 33-37% of European men carried the 3R allele, while 5.5% of Black men, 0.1% of Caucasian ...
Many studies have attributed the MAOA gene to several human behavioral disorders, including aggression (39), anxiety (13), and depression (10-13); all belong to the same spectrum of phenotypes. Therefore, MAOA is involved in this spectrum of disorders with abnormalities of CNS.
This is a next generation sequencing (NGS) test appropriate for individuals with clinical signs and symptoms, suspicion of, or family history of Monoamine Oxidase A Deficiency. Sequence variants and/or copy number variants (deletions/duplications) within the MAOA gene will be detected with >99% sensitivity.
Serial killers differ in many ways, including their motivations for killing and their behavior at the crime scene. However, attendees did identify certain traits common to some serial murderers, including sensation seeking, a lack of remorse or guilt, impulsivity, the need for control, and predatory behavior.
STUDIES SOON BEGAN TO APPEAR, AND IT WAS LATER DISCOVERED THAT SOME OF SOCIETY'S MOST NOTORIOUS MURDERERS (E.G., ROBERT PETER TAIT, DANIEL HUGON, JOHN FARLEY) HAD THE EXTRA Y CHROMOSOME.
Last year, while Alice was still in The Farm, she told her daughter that she had the gene. Back then, it was unclear if we could believe Alice, but now Betty knows for a fact that she possesses the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene.
The CDH1 gene, which encodes the protein E-cadherin, is the only gene known to be associated with HDGC [134,139–142]. Mutations in other genes may account for susceptibility to HDGC, but the evidence is limited [151]. The human CDH1 gene consists of 16 exons that span 100 kb [152].
Normal Function. The MAOA gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A. This enzyme is part of a family of enzymes that break down molecules called monoamines through a chemical reaction known as oxidation.
CDH13 is involved in signaling between cells. Previous research has linked it with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, schizophrenia, substance abuse or bipolar disorder. So far as I know, this is the first time it has been associated with violent criminality.
A further analysis found that two genes in particular, 'cadherin 13' (CDH13) - a gene involved in neural connectivity and 'monoamine oxidase A' (MAOA), a controller in dopamine levels in the brain, were associated with criminal behaviour.
A mutation in the Brown gene (tyrosinase-related protein-1, TYRP1) results in the Chocolate coat colour. The B allele is wild-type and produces a normal colouration, the mutant b allele produces a chocolate colouration.
CD13 is a critical regulator of cell-cell fusion in osteoclastogenesis. CD13 orients the apical-basal polarity axis necessary for lumen formation. The role of LNPEP and ANPEP gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
The MAOA gene is X-linked, and these men and others in successive generations all exhibited problem behaviour including impulsive aggression, arson and rape. The defence team representing convicted murderer Stephen Mobley sought advice from researchers involved in the Dutch family study.
CDH13 deficiency results in behavioral alterations associated with symptoms observed in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD, including learning and memory deficits as well as locomotor hyperactivity.