Six items targeting key features of addictions were then proposed. These items measured (1) negative outcomes, (2) emotion triggers (one item for each positive and negative emotional context), (3) the search for stimulation or pleasure, (4) loss of control, and (5) cognitive salience.
be unable to stop consuming a substance or end a specific behavior. display a lack of control concerning the substance, thing, or behavior they are addicted to. experience increased desires for the specific substance, thing, or behavior. deny that their addictive behavior may be causing negative consequences.
Authors Sussman and Sussman (2011) conduct a literature search to determine the definition of addiction, landing on and further defining five common elements: (1) feeling different; (2) preoccupation with the behavior; (3) temporary satiation; (4) loss of control; and, (5) negative consequences.
These four factors, compulsion, craving, consequences and control, are unique to addiction alone and are classified as the 4 C's. The behaviors of most addicts are very similar.
3 “P's” for Recovery: Passion, Power and Purpose.
These include increasing Awareness, restricting the Availability of drugs, and increasing Affordability and Accessibility to treatment programmes.
Black addresses three major rules that exist within families when someone has a chemical dependency; don't talk, don't trust, and don't feel.
Behavioral addictions such as gambling, overeating, television compulsion, and internet addiction are similar to drug addiction except that the individual is not addicted to a substance, but he/she is addicted to the behavior or the feeling experienced by acting out the behavior.
Drug Use and Personality
Generally, those who use drugs or alcohol are characterized by having high Neuroticism, high Openness to Experience, low Agreeableness, and low Conscientiousness.
"There is no scientific evidence that there is a trait that predicts addiction and addiction alone." The addictive personality "is a black-and-white way of thinking about something that's highly complex", says Anshul Swami, a psychiatrist in adult mental health and addictions at Nightingale Hospital in London.
No single personality type sets someone up for addiction, but there are a few personality traits common among people who have a substance use disorder: an inability to handle stress, impulsivity, unaccountability and a lack of empathy.
The four components of addiction symptoms include impaired control, social problems, risky use, and drug effects. Addiction is a disorder characterized by a compulsive desire to continue taking a drug or continue a harmful behavior, such as gambling, despite harmful consequences.
The DSM-5 specifically lists nine types of substance addictions within this category (alcohol; caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens; inhalants; opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics; stimulants; and tobacco).
The triangle describes the roles individuals play in conflict, but in a family touched by addiction, it's common to see these roles play out in daily life. The three roles are the Persecutor, the Rescuer, and the Victim.
Teaching clients these simple rules helps them understand that recovery is not complicated or beyond their control. It is based on a few simple rules that are easy to remember: 1) change your life; 2) be completely honest; 3) ask for help; 4) practice self-care; and 5) don't bend the rules.
Heroin takes the number 1 spot as the most addictive substance on the planet. On Nutt's addiction scale, it ranked a 2.5 out of a maximum score of 3. This potent Opiate has an alarming rate of addiction, with 1 in 4 individuals who try Heroin becoming addicted.
Cognitive behavioral therapy, talk therapy, and group therapy are known to be effective in helping treat these addictions. Also, people with behavioral addictions often suffer from comorbid mental health disorders or substance abuse.
Addiction is defined as not having control over doing, taking or using something to the point where it could be harmful to you.
The Adventurous, Risk-Taking Trait
Individuals who like to take risks and who have little impulse control around experimenting and playing with new experiences and dangerous activities are more likely to try drugs.